降雨因子对缙云山地区典型森林植被类型地表径流的影响  

Effects of the Rainfall Factors on Surface Runoff of Typical Forest Vegetations in Three Gorges Region

作　　者：李耀明[1] 王玉杰[1] 储小院[1] 成晨[1] 齐娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2009年第4期244-249,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：“十一五”林业科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A1802)

摘　　要：根据2004-2006年在缙云山地区的定位观测数据,分析降雨因子与针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、楠竹林和灌丛4种典型森林植被类型地表径流量的关系。结果表明:①地表径流与降雨量和10 min最大雨强关系极其显著,与平均雨强关系显著,与前3天降雨量和降雨历时关系不显著;②地表径流与降雨量间存在二次函数关系,与10min最大雨强和降雨强度间分别存在一次函数关系;③不同的森林植被类型对降雨的响应不同,在较小降雨条件下,各植被类型都能很好的调节降雨,但在较大降雨条件下,各植被类型对于雨水的调节作用差别较大,常绿阔叶林拦截降雨、调蓄洪水能力最强,楠竹林的最差。④通过主成分分析,对地表径流起着制约性的影响因素有降雨强度综合因子、降雨历时与降雨量综合因子和前期降雨的综合因子,用主成分作为变量建立模型,通过检验发现拟合度较高,能准确推求和预测分析地表径流。Based on locating observation in Jinyun Mountain region during 2004-2006, the relation between the rainfall factors and surface runoff of 4 typical forest vegetation types including coniferbroad leaved mixed forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, phyllostachy pubescens forest and scrub was analyzed. Results showed the relation between surface runoff and rainfall, the maximum intensity of rainfall in 10 min is extremely significant, and rainfall intensity was significant, rainfall duration and rainfall of 3 days ago was not significant. The relation between surface runoff and rainfall is quadratic equation, and relation between surface runoff and the maximum intensity of rainfall in 10 min, rainfall intensity is linear function. Different types of forest vegetation showed up different response to the rainfall, in light rain conditions, each type of vegetation is good for rainfall storage, but in heavy rain conditions, every type of vegetation is much different in hydrological function, evergreen broad-leaved forest is the best and phyllostaehy pubescens forest is the worst. By using principal component analysis, the factors that have restrictive impact on surface runoff are rainfall intensity comprehensive factor, rainfall duration and rainfall comprehensive factor and antecedent rainfall comprehensive factor. With selecting main constituent as variable making models, the degree of fitting is high. Using these models can carry out an accurate calculation and forecas- ting of surface runoff.

关 键 词：三峡库区 降雨因子 地表径流 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]