中国的三教“和雅”与酒文化精神  

"The Harmony of Human and Nature" Based on Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism and the Spirit of Wine Culture in China

作　　者：黄俊杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学人文学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2009年第4期140-144,共5页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：酒与文字犹如酵母与酒瓤在互为因果相与发酵的漫漫岁月中日见其产品之醇正、醇厚和醇香,这就是酒与文学的天然缘分。酒之于文学的巨大威力要从生理心理以及酒文化的美学原理上来加以考察。美学生理学认为,人之所以爱美且能够十分准确地感受到美,是因为生命活力的作用,而生命活力要依靠一种被视为重估价值所最终根据的"强力"支撑。尼采认为在所有的强力状态中,"醉"是第一条。酒神精神就是生命的自由精神,中国的道家思想更接近西方的酒神精神。因此中国的酒文化精神应以道家哲学为源头;对于酒文化而言,道家思想在儒道释三家当中起着举足轻重的作用。但中国的酒文化却肇始于儒家,这一则是因为酒的生理作用及其客观效力,二则是因为中国的儒道释三家并非水火不相容。相反,儒道释三家都很重视心灵问题,都建立了各自的心灵哲学。儒道释三家所追求的人生与审美境界都以天人合一的"和雅"之境为最高目标。三家互补相融构建以"和谐"为核心的"和雅"精神才是中国传统美学的完美整体。儒道释三家相互渗透、相互制约的中国传统美学使中国的酒文化精神迥然有别于西方的酒神精神。The mutual fermentation of barn and pot-ale saw the purity, density and fragrance of the wine. And this resembles the predestination between wine and literature. The gigantic influence that wine has on literature should be observed from physiologic psychology and aesthetics of wine culture. According to aesthetic physiology, it is due to the effect of vitality that human beings love and are able to accurately feel beauties. What′s more, vitality needs the support of “powers”, which is the ultimate basis of so-called “re-evaluated value”. As far as Nietzsche is concerned, to be tipsy is the first principle of all powerful states. Actually, the spirit of being tipsy equals to the spirit of freedom, which makes Chinese Taoism close to the western bacchanal spirit. To this extent, Taoism should be traced as the origin of the Chinese wine spirit. Furthermore, Taoism plays a very significant role among Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in terms of wine culture. However, the Chinese wine culture is derived from Confucianism. There are two reasons for this distinction. For one thing, the physical and rational force that wine contributes to it. For the other, the relation among the three is not incompatible as water and fire. On the contrary, they share common features. On one hand, they all attach much importance to spiritual problems, and have built a psychological philosophy system each. On the other hand, the life and aesthetic ambits that they are pursuing all take “harmony in human and nature” and “harmony and elegance” as their top goal. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism complement one another, amalgamate with one another, and all together, create the perfect integrity of traditional Chinese aesthetics. In conclusion, the infiltration and constraint between Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism makes Chinese wine spirit totally different from the western bacchanal spirit.

关 键 词：中国 三教 “和雅” 酒文化 尼采 酒神精神 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]