稻鸭共育稻田水体藻类动态变化  

Elgal change in paddy water under rice-duck complex ecosystem

作　　者：汪金平[1] 曹凑贵[1] 李成芳[1] 金晖[2] 袁伟玲[1] 展茗[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物栽培与生理生态研究中心,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学水产学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第8期4353-4360,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重大科技专项资助项目(2006BAD02A02);湖北省农业创新岗位资助项目

摘　　要：稻鸭共育技术作为稻田复合种养模式,是有效控制常规稻作生态污染的重要技术途径。通过对不同时期稻田藻类群落种类、密度、生物量及环境因子进行测定,研究稻鸭共育稻田水体藻类动态变化规律。结果表明,稻田藻类群落包括蓝藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门、裸藻门,隐藻门及甲藻门共6门、38属、108种。随着水稻发育进程,藻类优势种单位生物量增加,前期皆以银灰平裂藻、栅藻等为优势种,后期对照以方鼓藻,灿烂颤藻,短小舟形藻等为优势种,而放鸭区优势种皆是裸藻门,包括绿色裸藻,尖尾裸藻,梭形裸藻等。稻鸭共育稻田水体藻类初期有个适应期,在放鸭后15d左右藻类密度及生物量显著下降,之后开始上升。与常规对照相比,稻鸭共育藻类密度及生物量较低,放鸭对稻田水体生态系统的影响主要体现在放鸭45d以后,表现为水体全P增加,全N减少,藻类多样性下降,优势种发生变化。环境因子与藻类相关分析表明,全磷与裸藻生物及藻类总生物量存在显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.697、0.625,而全N与藻类相关性不显著。The rice-duck complex ecosystem,a type of integrated utilization method of paddy fields,is a major complex planting and breeding model of paddy fields in south China,and opens a new way of sustainable development for rice and waterfowl production.This paper discussed the influences of the stocking of ducks in paddy fields on the species,quantities,diversity and biomass of algae.The field experiment was designed including conventional paddy ecosystem（CK） and rice-duck complex ecosystem（RD）.The results showed that there were 6 algal phyla,57 algal genera and 108 species found in all paddy water during sampling periods,and the phyla were Cyanophyta,Chlorophyta,Bacillariophyta,Euglenophyta,Cryptophyta,Pyrrophyta.The difference of the algal numbers in the two treatments was not obvious,but the algal density and biomass in RD was lower than those in CK.As rice growing,the predominant algal biomass in individual increased in paddy water.The predominant algal species during the early periods of rice growth were Merismopedia glanca,Sceaedsmus quadricauda,Euglena viridis,Cryptomonas erosa,but in the late periods（45th day after putting into ducks）,the predominant algal species in CK were Closterium acerosum,Cosmarium quadrum,Cosmarium formosulum etc（belong to Chlorophyta phylum）,and the predominant algal species in RD were Euglena viridis,Euglena oxyuris,Phacus longicauda etc.（belong to Euglenophyta phylum）.Compared with CK,the algal density and biomass in RD decreased significantly within 15 days after putting into ducks;moreover the content of total P increased,and the content of total N and the genus diversity reduced during the late periods of rice growth（45th day after putting into ducks）.Correlation analysis between the algae and the environment factors showed that there were positive relationships between the content of total P,Euglenophyta density and the total biomass of algae,and the indexes were 0.697 and 0.625,respectively.

关 键 词：稻鸭共育复合系统 藻类 密度 生物量 多样性 优势种 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S834