美国宪政体制的思想脉络及其逻辑困境——主权与分权学说的视角  

The Logic and the Contradiction of the Constitutional System of the United States——From the Perspective of Sovereignty and Decentralization

作　　者：聂平平[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学政法学院,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2009年第4期95-101,共7页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划基金项目"公民政治参与的扩大与政党组织适应性变迁的比较研究"(2008JA810011)

摘　　要：美国宪政体制产生的重要思想基础可以归纳为主权学说和分权学说。人民主权说明了宪政产生的原因和目的,而分权学说则是保障和实现人民主权之目的的基本手段。从美国宪政的逻辑起点来看,人民主权思想是合众国宪政设计的基石。从专制到宪政,关键在于国家主权的归属不同。分权制衡原则包含着防止政权向独裁专制蜕变的意义,其设计者首要的和最重要的目的是为了制约"民选的专制"。基于主权学说和分权学说的美国宪政体制,其价值与目的只有具体化为宪法规范并得以长期实施,才能实现持续、稳定的宪政秩序。The important theory foundation which give birth to the constitutional system of the United States can be concluded as the theory of sovereignty and decentralization. The sovereignty of people explains the reason and purpose of the constitutional system, while the theory of decentralization is a basic tool used to secure and realize the purpose. While exploring the logic starting point of the constitutional system of the United States, the theory of sovereignty is the cornerstone on which one can design the constitutional system of the United States. Whether it is autocratic or constitutional depends on to whom the sovereignty of the country belongs. The principle of decentralization is designed to avoid the change from autarchy to constitution, the first and most important purpose of the designer is to constrain ＂elected dictatorship＂. Based on the theory of sovereignty and decentralization, the value and the purpose of the constitutional system of the United States can only be realized on the condition that they are specified and presented in the form of constitutional norms which can be implemented in a long period of time and only in this way can a sustainable and stable constitutional order be achieved.

关 键 词：美国宪政 主权学说 分权学说 

分 类 号：D082[政治法律—政治学] A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]