人类活动和滩涂变迁对苏北沿海地区獐分布的影响  

IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND HABITAT CHANGES ON DISTRIBUTION OF CHINESE WATER DEER ALONG THE COAST ANEA IN NORTHERN JIANGSU

作　　者：徐宏发[1] 郑向忠[1] 陆厚基[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生物学系,上海200062

出　　处：《兽类学报》1998年第3期161-167,165-167,共7页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：结合查阅历史资料，访问当地群众和实地调查等方法，对獐在江苏沿海的历史分布以及人类活动和滩涂变迁对其分布的影响进行了研究。历史上，江苏沿海地区有大量适合獐生存的草滩，尤其是1128年黄河夺淮后，使江苏沿海的滩涂迅速淤涨，形成了大面积的适合獐生存的草滩。1855年黄河北归以后，滩涂淤涨减少，本世纪初开始，随着人类对滩涂围垦和开发的强度日益增加，獐分布面积日益减少。近20年来，獐的分布区开始破碎。目前，江苏沿海獐的分布已分裂为4个面积不足100km2的小区，如没有有效的措施保护獐的栖息地，该地区獐的灭绝将不可避免。The effect on the histroy and current distribution of Chinese water deer by human activities and Seographic changes was studied through reference the local histroy record-ins, visiting local hunter and field survey. The results sh0wed that there waS very large area of wetland that was suitable to deer survival along the coast of northern Jiangsu province in the histroy. The wetland alonS the coast was extended very fast because a large of amount sand that water of Yellow River carried sunk there when Yellow River flowed into the sea through Hui He river that located northern Jiangsu province since 1128 AC. The extension of coast wetland was stopped after 1858 AC when the Yellow River come back Shan dong province which is its original place.The wetland was reclaimed since the begining of 20 century as the human popula-tion increasing, The distribution of Chinese water deer has been shrinking very fast be-cause a large of habitat was used for agriculture since 192O. The population in the coastal area of northern Jiangsu has already fragmental into several separate small sub-population in recent 20 years. There are only four subpopulation, total number of deer less than 1500 animals survived in the area of habitat less than 100 km2 in the coastal area of northern Jiangsu. The Chinese water deer will be extinct in nearly future in this area if no effective protectins measure is taken.

关 键 词：海涂变迁 沿海地区 獐 分布 栖息地 人类影响 

分 类 号：Q959.848[生物学—动物学]