硝基苯与正十六烷二元溶液在临界区域的浊度  

Turbidity Measurements of Nitrobenzene in Hexadecane in the Critical Region

作　　者：安学勤[1] 蒋富国[1] 陈传缨[1] 周从山 方建 沈伟国[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学化学系,兰州730000

出　　处：《化学学报》1998年第7期644-648,共5页Acta Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(29673019);国家教委基金;甘肃省自然基金(ZR-96-009)资助课题

摘　　要：测量了硝基苯与正十六烷二元溶液在临界区域不同波长及温度下的浊度,结合与关联长度、渗透压缩系数、共存曲线有关的三个指前因子(X_0,ξ_0,B)的比例关系:R=ξ_0[B^2/(4k_BT_cX_0)]^(1/3)(k_B和T_c分别为玻尔兹曼常数与临界温度)及R的理论值(0.65—0.67),用Ornstein-Zemike方程拟合浊度-温度-波长数据,得到临界指数γ与ν,在误差范围内与理论值一致.将γ与v固定在理论值1.241和0.63,求得ξ_0为0.168nm(R=0.65)和0.174nm(R=0.67),X_0为2.81×10^(-9)m^3·J^(-1)(R=0.65)和2.85×10^(-9)m^3·J^(-1)(R=0.67).A series of turbidity measurements have been made for nitrobenzene in hexadecane in the critical region at various wavelengths and temperatures. Critical amplitudes 0, x0 and B corresponding to the correktion length, the susceptibility and the coexistence curve are related through R = 0[B2/(4kBTcX0)]1/3 .where the value of R is 0.65-0.67. By using this relation the turbidity data have been fitted to Ornstein - Zemike equation to obtain critical exponents randv,which are consistent with the theoretical values within experimental uncertainties. Theexperimental data have also been analyzed to determine critical amplitudes when the value of γand v are fixed at their theoretical values 1.241 and 0.63. The results have shown that 0 is0.168nm(R=0.65) and 0.174nm(R=0.67),and X0 is 2.81 × 10-9m3 J-1(R=0.65)and2.85 × 10-9m3 J-1(R=0.67), respectively.

关 键 词：临界现象 浊度 光散射 硝基苯 正十六烷 溶液 

分 类 号：O625.611[理学—有机化学] O623.11[理学—化学]