Atmospheric lead pollution in fine particulate matter in Shanghai, China  

作　　者：LI Xiaolin ZHANG Yuanxun TAN Mingguang LIU Jiangfeng BAO Liangman ZHANG Guilin LI Yan IIDA Atsuo 

机构地区：[1]Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China [2]Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-10-ho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan

出　　处：《Journal of Environmental Sciences》2009年第8期1118-1124,共7页环境科学学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (No. 10775172, 10675159);the Major Project of Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KJCX3.SYW.N3);This work has been performed under the approval of the Photon Factory (PF) Program Advisory Committee (No.2007G502)

摘　　要：The Pb-monitoring program was extended for 6 years from 2002 to 2007 at 17 representative urban sites （6 traffic, 5 industrial, and 6 residential sites）, and 3 suburban sites to assess the lead pollution in fine particulate matter （PM2.5） after phasing out leaded gasoline in Shanghai. Compared with Pb levels reported in other places, the Pb pollution in Shanghai is still serious after phasing out leaded gasoline, which remains at high concentration range （213-176 ng/m^3） in PM2.5 in winter. Significant spatial variation of Pb concentrations and strong seasonal variation of higher Pb concentration in winter than that in summer were detected. The size distribution of Pb in particulate matter has a unimodat mode that peaks at approximately 0.154-1.59 μm particle diameter, indicating that Pb is mainly concentrated in fine fraction. Lead in the fine fraction is enriched by a factor of 103-104 relative to Pb abundance in crust. Eight categories of Pb pollution sources were identified in the PM2.5 in the winter of 2007 in Shanghai. The important emission sources among them are vehicle exhaust derived from combustion of unleaded gasoline, metaUurgic industry emission, and coal combustion emission.The Pb-monitoring program was extended for 6 years from 2002 to 2007 at 17 representative urban sites （6 traffic, 5 industrial, and 6 residential sites）, and 3 suburban sites to assess the lead pollution in fine particulate matter （PM2.5） after phasing out leaded gasoline in Shanghai. Compared with Pb levels reported in other places, the Pb pollution in Shanghai is still serious after phasing out leaded gasoline, which remains at high concentration range （213-176 ng/m^3） in PM2.5 in winter. Significant spatial variation of Pb concentrations and strong seasonal variation of higher Pb concentration in winter than that in summer were detected. The size distribution of Pb in particulate matter has a unimodat mode that peaks at approximately 0.154-1.59 μm particle diameter, indicating that Pb is mainly concentrated in fine fraction. Lead in the fine fraction is enriched by a factor of 103-104 relative to Pb abundance in crust. Eight categories of Pb pollution sources were identified in the PM2.5 in the winter of 2007 in Shanghai. The important emission sources among them are vehicle exhaust derived from combustion of unleaded gasoline, metaUurgic industry emission, and coal combustion emission.

关 键 词：atmospheric pollution LEAD pollution sources X-ray analysis single particle 

分 类 号：X503.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TQ051.13[化学工程]