宏基因组学在发现新基因方面的应用  

Application of the Metagenomics in Finding the New Functional Genes

作　　者：强慧妮[1] 田宝玉[1] 江贤章[1] 黄钦耿[1] 柯崇榕[1] 杨欣伟[1] 黄建忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学工业微生物教育部工程研究中心,生命科学学院福建省现代发酵技术工程研究中心,福建福州350108

出　　处：《生物技术》2009年第4期82-85,共4页Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30800735);福建省自然科学基金项目(2008F3036);福建省科技攻关重大项目(2005Q007)资助

摘　　要：现代分子微生物生态学研究表明,自然环境中约99%的微生物不能用传统的分离培养方法获得其纯培养,使得环境微生物中的多样性基因资源难以得到充分的开发和应用。宏基因组学是近年来发展起来的,通过直接提取特定环境中全部微生物的总基因组DNA并克隆到合适的可培养微生物宿主中,来筛选目的基因的方法。它已在微生物新功能基因筛选、活性物质开发和微生物多样性研究等方面取得了显著成果。该文旨在介绍宏基因组学在新功能基因发现方面的应用概况并结合我们的研究情况,对这一崭新领域中的最近研究进展进行简要综述。It has revealed that less than 1% of soil microorganisms are eulturable with known cultivation techniques by recent progress in molecular microbial ecology. It limited the potential demand for novel genes and chemical compounds to be used by the biotechnology industries for the development of novel products. A new strategy for finding novel functional genes and biocatalysts were provided by only recent metagenomics which represents the genomes of uncultured microbes. DNA extraction, library construction and screelting of target genes were included in the contents. In this paper, we reviewed that the application of metagenomics in the area of finding the new functional gene, together with the latest advances and novel strategy in this research field.

关 键 词：宏基因组学 宏基因组文库构建 未培养微生物 新基因筛选 

分 类 号：Q939.96[生物学—微生物学] Q78