早籼杂交稻粒形和产量性状的遗传效应与杂种优势分析  

Genetic effects and heterosis analysis for grain shape and yield traits in early indica hybrid rice

作　　者：林强[1,2] 梁康迳[1] 郑秀平[2] 吴志源[2] 周天理[2] 周元昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学作物科学学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建省农业科学院水稻研究所,福建福州350019

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第4期337-341,共5页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：福建省科技厅(2007S0059;2004NZ01-1);福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设基金(STIF-Y04);福建省发改委产业技术开发专项;福建省农业科学院青年科技人才创新基金资助项目

摘　　要：以6个籼稻不育系为母本和5个早籼恢复系为父本进行不完全双列杂交,采用加性—显性遗传模型,对早籼杂交稻粒形与产量性状进行遗传效应与杂种优势分析.结果表明:(1)谷粒长、谷粒宽、谷粒长宽比、谷粒长厚比、穗实粒数、穗空粒数、结实率和千粒重等性状同时受加性效应和显性效应控制,谷粒宽厚比、穗数、单株产量主要受显性基因控制,穗总粒数主要受加性效应影响.(2)穗空粒数与谷粒长、谷粒长厚比,穗总粒数与谷粒厚,结实率与谷粒长、谷粒宽厚比、谷粒长厚比,千粒重与谷粒厚间的表型相关和遗传相关正值或负值已达显著或极显著水平,利用加性相关为主的性状进行间接选择可取得较好的育种效果.(3)各个性状群体平均优势和群体超亲优势有的显著有的不显著,其中水稻F1单株产量的群体平均优势为24.5%,达极显著水平,群体超亲优势不显著.Analysis of grain shape and yield traits was conducted based on the additive and dominance genetic model for quantitative traits in an incomplete diallel cross from six CMS and 5 early-restorers of indica rice （ Oryza sativa L. ）. The results showed as follows ： （ 1 ） Grain length, grain width, ratio of grain length to width, ratio of grain length to thickness, filled grain number per pani- cle, unfilled grain number per panicle, fertility and weight of 1000 grains simultaneously controlled by additive genetic effects and dominance genetic effects. Ratio of grain width to thickness, panicles per plant and grain yield of plant were controlled by dominance genetic effects. Grain number per panicle was controlled by additive genetic effects. （2） Correlation analysis showed that the correlations between unfilled grain number per panicle, grain length and ratio of grain length to thickness, between grain number per panicle and grain thickness, between fertility, grain length, ratio of grain width to thickness and ratio of grain length to thickness, between weight of 1000 grains and grain thickness were significant at 5% or 1% for phenotype and genotype. Indirect selection is applicable for traits with highly additive correlations. （3） The grain shape and yield traits were significant or non-significant with average population heterosis and better parent population heterosis. Average population heterosis value for grain yield of plant of F1 was 24.5% , it was a significance level at 1%. The above findings should be useful for the rice breeding and its heterosis utilization.

关 键 词：籼稻 粒形性状 产量性状 遗传效应 遗传相关 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]