水肥交互作用对稻田氮素利用率和氮素平衡的影响  

Effects of Water and Fertilizer on Nitrogen Use Effeciency and Balance in Lowland Rice Field

作　　者：李亚龙[1] 崔远来[2] 李远华[3] 张平仓[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水土保持研究所,武汉430010 [2]武汉大学水利水电学院,武汉430072 [3]水利部农村水利司,北京100053

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2009年第4期21-24,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金："十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2008BAD98B02)

摘　　要：采用蒸渗仪方法和同位素示踪技术研究了稻田常规灌溉和节水灌溉条件下不同施肥水平和施肥方式的氮素利用率和氮素平衡，结果表明：稻谷氮素累积量占植株氮索累积量一半左右，间歇灌溉模式和传统淹灌模式氮素累积量的差异反应在茎和绿叶和实粒，而在黄叶和秕粒中差别不大；差值法测得氮肥利用率比同位素法偏高，但二者均表现为间歇灌溉氮肥利用率高于淹灌模式，且间歇灌溉模式下低氮水平氮肥利用率高于高氮处理；根据同位素示踪法计算氮素平衡，氮素在稻田系统中的分配为氨挥发和反硝化占37．4％～51．7％，土壤残留占20．4％～37．7％，作物吸收占9．2％～36．4％，淋失占0．3％～16．4％。The nitrogen use efficiency and balance of different fertilizer level and methods under traditional continuous flooding irrigation and alternative wetting and drying irrigation by using lysimeter and isotope tracer technique. The results showed that the nitrogen accumulation in grain was about a half of the total amount in rice plant, the difference of nitrogen accumulation between water saving irrigation and traditional flooding irrigation presented on stem, green leaves, and grain, no significant difference on yellow leaves and unfilled grain; the nitrogen use efficiency acquired by minusing method was higher than that by isotope tracer technique, however the nitrogen use efficiency under alternative wetting and drying irrigation was higher than that under continuous flooding irrigation by the two methods, and that of low nitrogen level was higher than high nitrogen level; according to the calculation of nitrogen balance by isotope tracer technique, the nitrogen allocation in the lowland rice system presented that NH3 ammonia volatilation was 37.4%-51.7% percent, the soil nitrogen residue is 20.4%-37.7% percent, crop utilization is 9.2%- 36.4% percent, and leaching is 0.3%-16.4% percent.

关 键 词：间歇灌溉 淹灌 氮素利用率 氮素平衡 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]