土壤水势对春季桃树茎干变化的影响研究  

Effect of Soil Water Potential on the Trunk Diameter Variation of Peach Tree in Spring

作　　者：员学锋[1] 贺军奇[1] 吴普特[2] 汪有科[2] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学地球科学与国土资源学院,西安710054 [2]西北农林科技大学国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2009年第4期70-74,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：干旱半干旱地区水文生态与水安全学科创新引智基地(B08039)

摘　　要：将土壤水势控制在-10^-20 kPa和-40^-60 kPa,以自然条件为对照。分析3个小区不同时段土壤水势变化对桃树茎干生长的影响,研究结果表明,在干旱半干旱气候条件下,春季桃树在不同生长时段内相对适宜土壤水势分别为-23.38,-22.16和-42.94 kPa。对不同小区春季各月份桃树茎干日变化规律进行分析,3月份茎干日变化呈台阶式上升变化趋势,4月份桃树茎干日变化呈"W"变化趋势,5月份桃树茎干日变化规律基本呈"勺状"变化趋势。对4月和5月茎干日变化曲线进行拟合,符合Guss曲线变化规律。同时分析了影响桃树茎干日最大收缩量(MDS)的主要因素,明确以MDS作为灌溉指标的适用条件,进一步分析了以MDS作为灌溉指标的缺陷。Soil water potential was controlled between -- 10 to -- 20 kPa, and -- 40 to -- 60 kPa, the nature condition was considered as a reference scenario. Based on the above prerequisite, the impacts of soil water potential on stem growth of peach tree were analized at different periods in three districts. According to the research results, under the climate of semi-arid and arid, peach tree growing in different periods of spring adapted to different soil water potentials, and they are --23.38,--22.16 and --42.94 kPa respectively. In addition, the daily variation of peach tree stem in each month of spring was evaluated, and it revealed that the daily change of peach tree stem in March, April and May presented different developing trendeneies. In March, the daily variation of peach tree stem took on a stepwise trend, while in April, the change showed a high-low-high fluctuation like ＂W＂. Different with the situations in March and April, daily variation curve in May declined dramaticaly first then increased slowly looking like a big ＂spoon＂. Comparing and making a match of the day change curve in April with the curve in May, it can be found that they are both accordance with Guss curve variation. At last, the main factors impacting on Maximum Daily Shrinkage （MDS） of peach tree stem were also assessed, and then taking MDS as an adaptive condition for irrigating indicator, the shortages of MDS was analized. The conclusions and recommendations were given following.

关 键 词：桃树 土壤水势 茎干变化 日最大收缩量 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S662.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]