准均相催化:走向绿色和高效  

Quasi-homogeneous Catalysis:Towards Green and Efficiency

作　　者：肖超贤[1] 颜宁[1] 寇元[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学化学与分子工程学院,北京大学绿色化学研究中心,北京分子科学国家实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《催化学报》2009年第8期753-764,共12页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(20533010;20473002);中国博士后科学基金(20080430274)

摘　　要：准均相催化是指纳米粒子均匀分散在溶剂中形成准均相体系用于催化各种化学反应.调变合成准均相催化剂的条件,如制备方法、稳定剂和温度等,对于调控纳米粒子的尺寸和形貌至关重要,并显著影响其催化性能和使用寿命.准均相催化目前已被应用到加氢、氧化和C?C偶联等各种类型的反应中,表现出高活性和高选择性等优异的催化性能.膜分离、超过滤、离心、两相分离和磁分离等技术被用于催化剂的分离,可以实现准均相催化剂的循环使用.本文主要介绍准均相催化的诞生背景,发展历程和最新进展,主要包括准均相催化剂的合成及其在各种反应中的应用.Quasi-homogeneous catalysts are composed of three-dimensional free metal nanoparticles in solvents and generally protected by a stabilizer. Some factors, such as the preparation method, stabilizer, and temperature, are essential to control the size and morphology of nanoparticles and may affect catalytic performance and lifetime dramatically. Nowadays, quasi-homogeneous catalysis has been applied to various reactions, e.g., hydrogenation, oxidation, C-C coupling reaction, etc., exhibiting excellent catalytic performance （e.g., high activity and high selectivity）. Various separation techniques, such as membrane separation, ultrafiltration, centrifugation, liquid/liquid biphasic system, and magnetic separation, can be applied to a quasi-homogeneous system to realize catalyst recovery. This review mainly describes the background and progress of quasi-homogeneous catalysis.

关 键 词：准均相催化 纳米簇 可溶性纳米粒子 离子液体 多相催化 

分 类 号：O643.32[理学—物理化学]