改革开放以来中国东部沿海发达地区农业发展态势与可持续对策  

Analysis of Agriculture Development State and Measures of the Developed Regions in Eastern Costal China

作　　者：张富刚[1,2] 刘彦随[1] 张潆文[1,3] 翟荣新[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国土地矿产法律事务中心,北京100034 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第8期1335-1340,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:40635029);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40771014)

摘　　要：探讨东部沿海发达地区农业发展演变规律,是明确新时期农业发展战略决策、构建农业可持续发展模式的基本依据。改革开放以来,东部沿海发达地区农业发展演变规律分析表明:①农业生产大致经历了复苏发展-快速发展-缓慢发展-加快发展4个阶段,已由传统的、单一的农业发展模式转向农、林、牧、渔业综合发展,这是我国农业发展政策不断调整发展的客观反映;②受建设占用耕地以及抛荒、撂荒等综合因素的影响,农作物播种面积不断减少,年均减少233.38×104hm2,粮食作物播种面积占农作物总播种面积的比重逐步下降(从78.74%下降到63.10%);③粮食产量呈先增加后减少趋势,占全国的比重逐步下降(从35.36%下降到26.38%);油料作物、水果和水产品产量显著提升。以农业的生产、社会、生态和文化功能为导向,充分借助工业化与城镇化的有利外部环境,大力发展都市型、外向型、特色型农业,加快农业园区化、基地化建设,是未来农业发展的基本方向。The development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is a principal and fundamental problem in China, and it is closely related to national security, economy, society and ecology, especially for the developed regions along the eastern coastal area. Since the reform and opening up, the economy and society in the eastern coastal area of China have developed rapidly. Due to the high level of industrialization and urbanization in the eastern coastal area, the development of its rural area also needs transformation and upgrade. To specify, the rural industrial structure, land use structure, agricultural production pattern and farmers＇ life style have all changed greatly. It is necessary to analyze the agriculture development in developed regions of eastern coastal China, in order to formulate development strategies and sustainable models for the agriculture. In this paper, the data are mainly from China Statistical Yearbook （2006） and China Compendium of Statistics （1949-2004）. Since the opening-up in China, the characteristics of regional agriculture development in developed regions of the eastern coastal area have been as follows： 1） the agriculture has experienced periods of revival, rapid development, slow development and accelerated development; it has also transformed from the transitional and single development models to the comprehensive development models of farming and forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, because the a series of policies and regulations for agriculture development has been implemented in China; 2） The total areas of crop planting have been quickly declining with an average rate of 233 380 hectares per year, because the cultivated land has been occupied by construction land use and farmland abandon; and the proportion of the area of food crops to that of the total planting crops has also decreased gradually, from the 78.74% to 63.10%; 3） The grain yields have gone through an increase at first, but it has begun to decrease, and the proportion of grain yields to the tota

关 键 词：农业发展 态势 对策 沿海发达地区 对策 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]