海洛因延迟强化物超快速折扣倾向的心理机制  

Psychological Mechanisms of the Tendency of Super-quick Decay for Delayed Heroin Reinforcement in Heroin Abstainers

作　　者：张锋[1,2] 水仁德[2] 周艳艳[2] 梁君英[2] 沈模卫[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学心理学系,宁波315211 [2]浙江大学心理与行为科学系,杭州310028

出　　处：《心理学报》2009年第8期763-772,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(07JZD0029);浙江省哲学社会科学规划重点项目(08CGJY001Z)

摘　　要：以124名处于不同戒除时相的男性海洛因戒除者为被试,采用金钱和海洛因延迟折扣任务(DDT),并以基于线索暴露的渴求感测量为效度指标,探讨了该类人群对海洛因延迟强化超快速折扣倾向及其心理机制。结果发现:(1)相对于金钱延迟强化,戒除者对海洛因延迟强化表现出显著的超快速折扣倾向,且该倾向不随戒除期的延长而改变;(2)戒除者对海洛因延迟强化的超快速折扣行为可能是其冲动性特质与海洛因相关线索共同作用的结果,海洛因相对于金钱折扣率的增量部分可能反映了海洛因及其相关线索对该类人群主观渴求感的诱发效应。Previous researches adopting the Delay Discounting Task （DDT） in behavioral economics suggested that the quick decay for delayed reinforcer is a behavioral process common （Bickel et al., 2007） to a variety of addiction such as alcohol （Petry, 2001）, nicotine （Mitchell, 1999; Bickel, Odum, ＆ Madden, 1999; Reynolds, Karraker, Horn, ＆ Richards, 2003; Baker, Johnson, ＆ Bickel, 2003; Reynolds, Richards, Horn, ＆ Karraker, 2004; Reynolds, 2004）, cocaine （Coffey, Gudleski, Saladin, ＆ Brady, 2003）, and opioid or heroin （Madden, Petry, Badger, ＆ Bickel, 1997; Madden, Bickel, ＆ Jacobs, 1999; Kirby, Petry, ＆ Bickel, 1999; Odum, Madden, Badger, ＆ Bickel, 2000; Giordano et al., 2002; Zhang, Zhou, Li, ＆ Shen, 2008）. It was also discovered that, relative to a general reinforcer （for example money）, drug dependence individuals show higher delay discounting rate in dependence drug reinforcer such as drink（Petry, 2001）, cigarette （Bickel et al., 1999; Field, Santarcangelo, Sumnall, Goudie, ＆ Cole, 2006; Field, Rush, Cole, ＆ Goudie, 2007）, cocaine （Coffey et al., 2003）, and heroin （Madden et al., 1997; 1999; Kirby et al., 1999; Odum et al., 2000）. However, divergence still exists in researchers＇ explanations for the nature of super-quick decay for dependence drug in drug dependence individuals. A relative previous viewpoint （that may be called the hypothesis of avoidance of withdrawal symptoms） claimed that the super-quick decay for dependence drug is a consequence of escaping from or avoidance of withdrawal symptoms in drug dependence individuals （Madden et al., 1997; Bickel et al., 1999）. Alternatively, some other researchers claimed that the steep discounting of drug of abuse compared to monetary reinforcers may occur as part of a general process by which primary reinforcers （e.g. drugs or food） are discounted more steeply than conditioned reinforcers （e.g. money）, rather than as a unique aspect of addiction （Odum ＆ Rainaud, 2003）. This vi

关 键 词：海洛因戒除者 延迟折扣任务 超快速折扣 线索诱发 海洛因渴求 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] B842[哲学宗教—心理学]