岷江上游土壤侵蚀与土地利用的耦合关系研究  

Studies on the Coupling Relationship between Soil Erosion and Land Use in the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River

作　　者：刘艳锋[1,2] 陈学华[1,3] 贺秀斌[1] 熊波[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100041 [3]四川省委政法委,四川成都610015

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2009年第5期161-165,185,共6页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)课题;长江流域环境与水资源演化规律(2003CB415201);中国科学院"西部之光"项目(2005;C20609090)

摘　　要：利用岷江上游地区2005年土地利用数据和土壤侵蚀数据,在GIS技术支持下,研究了该地区土壤侵蚀强度与土地利用类型之间的耦合关系。结果表明,土壤侵蚀与土地利用具有很大的关系,土地利用直接影响着土壤侵蚀强度及空间分布。岷江上游土地利用以林地和草地为主,裸岩和建设用地侵蚀面积仅占0.11%。不同土地利用方式下的土壤侵蚀强度指数不同,依次为:旱地(低盖度草地(其他林地(中盖度草地(水域(高盖度草地(建设用地(疏林地(灌木林地(有林地(水田(裸岩。土壤侵蚀以微度水蚀为主,占35.43%,主要发生在有林地和灌木林地,分别占研究区总面积14.24%和11.70%;轻度及中强度水蚀则多发生在中盖度草地;随着土壤侵蚀强度增加,旱地侵蚀面积逐渐增大,且远远大于水田;冻融侵蚀占研究区总面积26.96%,多分布在中盖度草地,为20.89%。因此,合理土地利用方式的选择,土地利用格局的优化,对于减轻水土流失,控制土壤侵蚀,提高土地利用效益至关重要,也对促进该流域社会经济发展具有重要意义。Coupling relationship between soil erosion intensity and land use types in the upper reaches of Minjiang River was studied by using the data of land use and soil erosion in 2005 with the support of GIS technology. Close relationship was found between soil erosion and land use, and the soil erosion intensity and spatial distribution were directly influenced by land use. Forests and grassland were the main land use types, bare rock and construction land area accounted for only 0. 11%. Different land use patterns had different soil erosion intensity indices, and in the order of dry lands〉grass land with low coverage 〉other forest land〉moderate coverage grass〉water area〉 high coverage grass〉 construction land〉open forest land〉 shrub land〉 forest land〉 paddy field〉 bare rock. Slight water erosion was the main type of soil erosion, accounting for 35.43%, and mainly occurring in forest land and shrub land, accounting for 14. 24% and 11.70% of the study area respectively. Low and moderate intensive water erosion occurred in the grass land with moderate coverage. With the increase of the soil erosion intensity, erosion area of dry land gradually increased, and far greater than paddy fields. Frozen erosion accounted for 26.96% and mainly occurred in the grass land with moderate coverage, accounting for 20.89 %. Therefore, reasonable land use type and optimized land-use pattern are essential for the control of soil erosion, protection of land resources and improvement land use efficiency, as well as for the promotion of socio-economic development of the basin.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 土地利用 GIS 耦合关系 岷江上游 土壤侵蚀强度指数 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学]