山西襄汾陶寺城址中期王级大墓ⅡM22出土漆杆“圭尺”功能试探  

On the Gnomon Shadow Template Function of the Lacquer Stick from the Royal Tomb ⅡM22 at Taosi Walled-town of Middle Period

作　　者：何驽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2009年第3期261-276,共16页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(项目编号:10873039);中华文明探源工程II阶段“陶寺专项”资金

摘　　要：2002年,素有"尧都平阳"之称的山西襄汾陶寺城址中期王墓ⅡM22的头端墓室东南角,出土了一件漆木杆ⅡM22∶43,残长171.8厘米,上部残损长度为8.2厘米,复原长度为180厘米。漆杆被漆成黑绿相间的色段加以粉红色带分隔,显然具有特殊功能。尤其引人注意的是漆杆第10—12号绿色带被11号红色带有意隔断,根据以往的研究,陶寺一尺等于25厘米,则第1—11号色段总长39.9厘米,等于陶寺1.596尺,非常接近《周髀算经》所说的"夏至日影长一尺六"的记载。第1号色带至33号色带总长度为141.6厘米即5.664尺,为春秋分日影长。假如以一满杆顶点为起点向前移杆后,第1号至38号色带长度为157.4厘米,加第一杆总长180厘米,共长337.4厘米,13.496尺,非常接近《周髀算经》冬至晷长337.5厘米即13.5尺。由此推测ⅡM22∶43漆杆为圭表日影测量仪器系统中圭尺,时代为陶寺文化中期(公元前2100—前2000年)。In 2002, the lacquered wooden stick unearthed from the top part of the chamber of the royal Tomb IIM22 of Middle Period at Taosi Walled-town, where is traditionally considered as ＂the Capital for King Yao in Pingyang＂. Standing against the southeastern wall of the chamber, remaining 171.8 cm. in length, with a damaged section of 8.2cm, it could be reconstructed as long as 180 cm. Tagged as IIM22：43, the stick is painted with lacquer in dark and green sections alternately, bounded with pink belts, implying its special function. What is very striking is that the Section 10 in green is abnormally interrupted by a pink belt, the Secition 11. The length from Section 1 to 11 is 39. 9 cm. According to the research for the length unit of Taosi Culture, 1 chi is equivalent to 25 cm, so that 39. 9 cm is 1. 596 chi, parallel to the length of solar shadow right in the noon of summer solstice 1.6 chi, based on the records in historical document entitled as Zhou Bi Suan Jing. From Section 1 to 33, the stick might have measured the solar shadow of spring equinox and autumn equinox, which is 141.6 cm long, parallel to 5. 664 chi. If one moves the stick forward, and puts the top of the stick right on the end signal of previous stick could reach to the length totally 337.4 cm, 13. 496 chi, indicating the winter solstice at Taosi over four millenaries ago. Given this, we estimated that the Lacquer Stick IIM22：43 might have served as gnomon shadow template which could be dated at Middle Taosi period, ranging from 2100 to 2000 BC.

关 键 词：陶寺城址王墓IIM22 漆杆 圭表 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] TU198.7[历史地理—历史学]