古代斯巴达的土地占有稳定性研究  

On the Stability of Land Tenure in Sparta

作　　者：祝宏俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学社会发展学院,南京210097

出　　处：《史学集刊》2009年第3期65-72,共8页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：古代斯巴达的土地占有在较长时间内保持了比较平均和公正的格局。究其原因在于,古代斯巴达土地制度中包括了稳定性因素和不稳定性因素。稳定性因素包括限制土地买卖和馈赠,控制家庭规模和继承人数量的婚姻生育制度等,不稳定性因素主要有土地一经授出不再收回、土地的可继承性和继承时的析产继承等。在早期,稳定性因素较好地发挥了特殊的历史作用。但是,稳定性因素本身存在诸多的缺陷,并不能保证土地占有的长期稳定,随着历史环境的变化,自公元前4世纪,斯巴达土地开始迅速向少数人手中集中。It＇ s well known that the land tenure remained relatively equal and just in ancient Sparta during a long period. There are both stable elements and unstable ones in Spartan land tenure system that underlay the framework. The stable ones comprise systems such as restricting the transaction, inheritance and alienability of land, controlling the family scale and the number of the inheritors. Whereas, the unstable ones cover un - resuming the distributed land, land inheritability and partible inheritance. Although the stable elements exerted a great influence on Spartan land tenure system at the early period of Sparta, they couldn＇ t guarantee the land tenure stability in the long run owing to their own inherent shortages. Therefore, with the changes of the era, the land began to accumulate to a few families in the 4^th century B. C.

关 键 词：斯巴达 土地制度 稳定性 

分 类 号：K125[历史地理—历史学]