基于“3S”技术的内蒙古乌审旗景观格局研究  

Research on Landscape Pattern of Uxin Qi in Inner Mongolia Based on "3S" Technology

作　　者：吴晓旭[1] 邹学勇[1] 格日乐[1] 钱江[1] 王仁德[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2009年第5期808-814,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家科技攻关项目(2006BAD26B03)资助

摘　　要：以乌审旗2005年30 m分辨率的TM遥感影像为基本数据源,在ArcView和ArcMap支持下,得到乌审旗景观分布格局图,并对景观单元特征指数、斑块形状指数、斑块数破碎化指数、斑块分维数、景观异质性指数进行统计分析。结果表明,在乌审旗21 495个景观斑块中,斑块数目最多的为沙地景观,共有10 357块;总面积最大的也是沙地,为6.28×109m2;水域景观总面积最小,仅为5.36×107m2;平均面积最大的是工矿用地,为4.26×106m2;景观斑块密度最大的是耕地。各类斑块形状均较复杂,近圆度极小,居民点由于受到人为规划的影响呈现明显的几何形状特点,故景观形状指数最小;随着人类干扰强度的增加,从自然景观、半自然景观到人工景观,多样性指数、破碎化指数均依次减小,景观多样性指数沙地最高、工矿用地最低;居民点的优势度指数最高,其均匀度指数最低;整个研究区各景观分数维值均小于1.4,景观的自相似程度比较高。Based on the TM image at 30-meter resolution of Uxin Qi in 2005, the map showing landscape distribution pattern of this area is drawn out with aid of ArcView and ArcMap software. Statistical analysis has been made for the landscape cell characteristic indices, patch shape index, patch fragmentation index, patch fractal dimension and landscape heterogeneity indices. The results show that the number of patches of sandy land landscape occupied the 10 357 patches of the total 21 495 patches in Uxin Qi. Sandy land also had the largest area of 6.28×10^9m^2, whereas water area had the least area of only 5.36×10^7m^2. The land for in- dustrial and mining purposes had the largest average area of 4.26×10^6m^2. Cropland land landscape had the largest patch density. The shapes of landscape patches are complex, except for that of residential land land-scape; the shape index of residential land landscape is the minimum because it takes on obvious geometrical shape under the influence of human planning. Along with the increase of human activity intensity, the land-scape diversity and fragmentation index decrease from natural landscape to semi-natural landscape to artificial landscape. In Uxin Qi of Inner Mongolia, the landscapes diversity index is the biggest in sandy land and the smallest in land for industrial and mining purposes; the dominance degree is the highest in residential land landscape, correspondingly, its evenness index is the lowest. The landscape fractal dimension of the whole Uxin Qi is below 1.4, showing high self-similarity degree.

关 键 词：乌审旗 景观格局 “3S”技术 内蒙古 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]