饮用水消毒中一氯胺的衰减动力学研究  

Kinetics of Monochloramine Decay in Disinfection of Drinking Water

作　　者：刘绍刚[1] 朱志良[1] 韩畅[1] 仇雁翎[1] 赵建夫[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《环境科学》2009年第9期2543-2549,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAJ08B02);科技部国际合作项目(2007DFR90050)

摘　　要：对饮用水消毒过程中一氯胺的衰减过程,采用二级反应速率模型对其衰减规律进行了非线性拟合;分别考察了pH值、温度、碳酸盐、溴离子、碘离子和天然有机物(NOM)浓度等水质参数变化对一氯胺衰减速率的影响.结果表明,pH值是影响一氯胺衰减速率的重要因素,pH<7.0时尤为明显;温度和碳酸盐对一氯胺的衰减速率均有明显影响;在pH=6.60时,随着溴离子浓度的增加一氯胺的衰减加快;在pH>7.60,0.1 mg/L的溴离子浓度对一氯胺的衰减影响不明显,碘离子对一氯胺的衰减影响较相同反应条件下溴离子的影响明显.此外,一氯胺衰减动力学模拟结果表明,采用二级动力学反应模型可以较好地拟合在卤素离子(Br-I、-)共存条件下的一氯胺衰减规律,对在沿海地区饮用水消毒工艺中不同条件下氯胺消毒剂浓度预测可以提供一定的理论和技术支持.The model of second-order reaction kinetics has been used to fit the monochloramine decay in water samples by nonlinear imitation. Several factors were investigated, including pH, temperature, carbonate, bromide, iodide concentrations and natural organic matters in this system. The results showed that pH value was an important factor on the monochloramine decay rate, especially when pH was below 7.0. Temperature and carbonate levels also had obvious effect on the monochloramine decay. Co-existence of bromide anions had different impact under different pH values. At pH 6.60, monochloramine decay rate tended to decrease dramatically with the increment of bromide levels. However, when pH was above 7.60, 0.1 mg/L of bromide hardly affected the decay rate of mononchloramine. Co-existence of iodide showed stronger effect on the decline rate of monochloramine than that of bromide. It was demonstrated that the second-order kinetic model could fit well the experimental results of monochloramine decay reaction under the conditions of bromide or iodide co-existence. The results of this study will be of benefit to the theory and technology of drinking water disinfection, especially for the reduction of DBPs and the control of disinfectant dosages in the area of coastland and estuary.

关 键 词：一氯胺 衰减 动力学模型 溴离子 碘离子 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] R123.6[医药卫生—环境卫生学]