青藏高原唐古拉垭口地区小气候特征  

The Microclimatic Characteristics in the Tanggula Pass on the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：姚济敏[1] 赵林[1] 谷良雷[1] 乔永平[1] 肖瑶[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站/冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2009年第4期650-658,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411505);国家自然科学基金项目(40705006);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-345);中国科学院资源环境领域野外台站研究基金项目"青藏高原多年冻土活动层动态变化过程监测研究";中国科学院国际合作重点项目(GJHZ0735)资助

摘　　要：利用中国科学院青藏高原冰冻圈观测试验研究站唐古拉站点2005年的气象资料,分析了该地区的小气候特征.结果表明:各辐射量呈现明显的季节特征,反照率冬春季节较强,夏季较弱,年平均反照率为0.31;气温、比湿、气压及地温等变化均呈现夏季高,冬春季低,而风速冬季高于夏季.无论干季(且活动层冻结)还是湿季(且活动层融化),夜晚或清晨由于长波辐射冷却,近地表出现冷中心,形成逆温,大气趋于稳定,湍能活动受到抑制,风速变小,水汽输送也相应变弱,形成高比湿中心;白天加热地表形成热中心,近地表温度较高,湍能增强,风速增强,水汽输送也相应变强烈,形成比湿的低值中心.The microclimatic characteristics in the Tanggula Pass were revealed through analyzing the full meteorology data collected by the Cryosphere Research Station on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2005.It was found that the most radiations had great seasonal characteristics,and the albedo was higher in winter and spring but lower in summer.The annual average albedo was 0.31.The air temperature,specific humidity,air pressure and soil temperature had the similar variation trends which were higher in summer but lower in spring and winter.However,the wind speed was higher in spring and winter,but lower in summer.Whether in dry season（the active layer was frozen） or in wet season（the active layer was thawed）,there was a cold center over the ground because of the long wave radiation at night,and then the inverse air temperature phenomenon was come into being,when the atmosphere was stable,the turbulence activity was restrained,the wind speed was low,and then the vapor transportation was weak,resulting in a high specific humidity.During daytime,there was a warm center in the ground,and the ground temperature was high,when the turbulence activity was strong,and the wind speed was high,and then the vapor transportation became strong also,resulting in a low specific humidity.

关 键 词：辐射 气温 比湿 风速 气压 地温 

分 类 号：P463.25[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]