基于RS和GIS的新疆渭干河三角洲的耕地及盐渍化分析  

Study of the Cultivated Land and Its Salinization in the Delta of Weigan River Based on RS and GIS

作　　者：王芳芳[1,2] 杨涵[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2009年第4期672-678,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重大项目"耕地保育与持续高效现代农业试点工程"(KZCX1-YW-09-10);全国耕地资源动态遥感监测项目资助

摘　　要：基于GIS平台,以2004-2005年度中巴资源卫星影像数据为信息源,结合多层环境要素数据库等,采用多要素综合分析的方法,通过人机交互式解译,综合判断并提取了新疆渭干河三角洲15 a来耕地的时空变化,并在已有的2005年新疆耕地盐渍化遥感调查数据库的支持下,对新增耕地中的盐渍化情况进行分析与研究.结果显示:1)自20世纪80年代末以来,耕地增加了6.18×104hm2,主要分布在绿洲的西南、南和东南.其中盐渍化耕地4.84×104hm2,占新增耕地的78.31%,新增耕地盐渍化较重;2)渭干河三角洲盐渍化耕地面积为16.68×104hm2,占耕地总面积的54.47%.耕地盐渍化现象普遍,主要分布在绿洲的下部边缘地带,河流中下游、地势平缓低洼等区域.盐渍化耕地呈条形状分布,在绿洲边缘带呈片状分布,边缘的重度盐渍化耕地交错分布在轻度和中度盐渍化耕地中;3)自然因素是导致耕地盐渍化的前提和物质基础,人为因素是盐渍化形成及发展的重要驱动力.By using the CBERS images in 2004-2005,analyzing the spectral properties of vegetation,combining non-remotely sensed data in GIS,and employing multi-essential factors synthesis analysis and man-machine interactive interpretation,the dynamic change information of the cultivated land of the recent 15 years in the delta of Weigan River is extracted.Under the support of the database of RS investigation about the cultivated land salinization of 2005 in Xinjiang,the salinization of the newly reclaimed land is extracted and analyzed.The results are as follows： 1） since the 1980s in the delta of Weigan River,the area of the farmland has increased by 6.18×10^4 hm^2,which mainly lies in the southwest,the south and the southeast of the delta.78.31 percent of the newly reclaimed land is salinized;2） The area of the saline cultivated land is 10.68×10^4 hm^2,accounting for 54.47% of the total area of the delta.The soil salinization phenomenon is common,especially in the lower parts of diluvial fans,middle and lower reaches of rivers,gentle low-lying topography,etc.The saline cultivated land takes the shape of strips and the shape of piece in the oasis marginal zone,and there is interleaving of heavy saline cultivated land with light and moderate saline cultivated land;3） Physical conditions are the material basis for the salinization,and human activity is the driving force for the formation and development of secondary salinization in the delta of Weigan River.

关 键 词：RS和GIS 盐渍化耕地 耕地面积变化 渭干河三角洲 

分 类 号：S156.41[农业科学—土壤学]