男女退休不同龄制度的宪法学思考  

A Constitutional Study on the Retirement System of Different Ages Between Men and Women

作　　者：张步峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2009年第4期138-147,共10页The Jurist

摘　　要：我国1978年规定的男女不同年龄退休制度,如今遭受违宪质疑。对基于性别而进行分类的立法规制的审查,其基准宜采用"严格的合理性审查基准"。据此,规定女性比男性早退休的手段与实现对女性的保护的目的应存在实质性关联。然而由于立法事实的变化,如今这两者之间不仅不存在实质性关联,反而会导致一种"逆反差别"。而且,与规定刚性的男女退休不同年龄制度相比,存在更加宽松的规制手段来达到同样的保护女性的目的。因此,我国的男女退休不同龄制度存在违宪的嫌疑,应及时加以修改。建议在原则上统一男女退休年龄的基础上,允许女性根据自我情况选择提前退休。The retirement system of different ages between men and women is provided in 1978,which is questioned unconstitutional now.Judicial review of the legislation of gender-based classification system,the appropriate censoring benchmark is 'Intermediate Scrutiny Test'.Accordingly,between the provisions of early retirement in women than in men and the purpose of the protection of women,substantive relevance should exist.However,due to the legislative facts that change,now the substantive relevance between the two does not exist,and it will lead to 'Inverse differences'.Moreover,compared to the provisions of the rigid retirement system of different ages between men and women,more lenient regulation means to achieve the same purpose of protecting women should exist.Therefore,the retirement system of different ages between men and women is unconstitutional,and should be modified.In principle,a unified system of the retirement age for men and women should be established,allowing women to choose early retirement based on self-situation.

关 键 词：退休年龄 劳动权 男女平等 审查基准 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]