氮磷配施对超高产小麦花后衰老特性及产量的影响  

Effect of Application of Phosphorus Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer on Senescence Characteristics and Yield after Anthesis in Super-high-yielding Wheat

作　　者：赵海波[1] 林琪[1] 刘义国[1] 姜雯[1] 刘建军[2] 翟延举 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院,山东青岛266109 [2]山东省农业科学院作物研究所,山东济南250100 [3]莱州市金海种业有限公司,山东莱州261400

出　　处：《华北农学报》2009年第4期158-162,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30871484);国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD21B04-13);国家粮食丰产科技工程(2006BAD02A09-Js03)

摘　　要：为给小麦高产高效提供依据,在大田超高产条件下,研究了氮磷配施对超高产小麦济麦22花后衰老特性及产量的影响。结果表明,氮磷配施对超高产小麦花后的衰老特性及产量有显著的调节作用,花后各处理小麦旗叶的净光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、可溶性蛋白含量(PRO)、超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)等指标呈下降趋势,但与CK处理比较,施肥处理前期下降缓慢,达显著水平,以N1P2、N2P2差异极显著;丙二醛含量(MDA)先是缓慢增长,花后14 d后含量迅速增加;过氧化物酶活性(POD)的变化趋势呈先上升后下降的趋势,在花后14 d各处理的POD活性达到最高值。随着施氮肥和磷肥量的增加,总的趋势是旗叶的酶活性增加,而MDA含量降低,但过高的施肥量(P2O5=225 kg/hm2)导致小麦生育后期旗叶酶活性下降迅速,衰老加快,穗粒数和千粒重下降显著,最终导致小麦减产。经统计分析得出,氮肥和磷肥间对Pn、SPAD值、PRO、SOD及POD有不同程度的互作效应。该试验条件下,超高产麦田的适宜施肥量为N 300 kg/hm2和P2O5150 kg/hm2。A field experiment was conducted on super-high-yielding conditions to evaluate the effects of application of phosphorus combined with nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield after anthesis in super-highyielding wheat. The results indicated that application of senescence characteristics combined with nitrogen fertilizer adjust greatly photosynthetic characteristics and yield after anthesis in super-high-yielding wheat. Pn, chlorophyll content（ SPAD value）, PRO and SOD were downtrend after anthesis in wheat, but that of the fertilizer treatments dropped slowly at the early stage reached significant level compared to the control, and N1P2, N2P2 were extremely significant; At the beginning, MDA was grew slowly, increased rapidly after anthesis 14 d;POD was a trend of rise first, then fall. Enzyme activity were enhanced with the increasing rates of fertilizers, but MDA was increased. However, surplus rates of fertilizers（P2O5 = 225 kg/ha）accelerated the leaf senescence, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight, which leaded to yield reduction. With statistical analysis, application of phosphorus combined with nitrogen fertilizer had extremely significant interaction effects on Pn, SPAD value, SOD and so on. The highest grain yield was observed in the treatment with N 300 kg/ha applied, P 150 kg/ha.

关 键 词：超高产小麦 氮磷配施 衰老 互作效应 产量 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]