苹果开心树形叶幕太阳辐射吸收规律研究  

Study of Solar Radiation and Its Transmission and Diffusion in the Center-open System of Apple

作　　者：牛自勉[1] 张文和 王建新[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心,山西太原030031 [2]北京昌平中日友好果园,北京102200

出　　处：《华北农学报》2009年第4期212-217,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(20051021-1)

摘　　要：为了探讨不同树形模式条件下果园光照的变化规律,系统比较叶幕结构对太阳辐射吸收光谱、不同光质比例以及光质强度的差异,为中国苹果树形改造提供依据,以开心树形和小冠树形苹果树为试材进行了研究。试验结果表明：太阳辐射透过苹果叶幕时,辐射光谱发生了不均匀消减：在530-560 nm和672-703 nm波长内,形成了辐射快速消减区,其消减速率明显高于相对应叶幕辐射消减的平均值;而在738-746 nm波长之间,形成了辐射消减的惰性区,其消减速率明显低于相对应叶幕的平均值。受叶幕结构的影响,在开心形叶幕层中因吸收截获率较低,因而透射率较高。而小冠形树则相反,叶幕层的透射率较低。不同叶幕层的光谱构成中,PAR（400-700 nm）、紫外辐射（U,300-380 nm）、红外及远红外辐射（R/FR,780-1010 nm）所占的比例不同。从树冠表面到内膛叶幕,PAR比例依次递减,U,R/FR的比例依次递增,开心树形叶幕中PAR的递减速率较慢。不同波长辐射在叶幕层内的消减速率不同。拟合回归方程表明,太阳总辐射（300-1010 nm）和PAR透过叶幕时,其消减速率呈指数函数,而U,R/FR透过叶幕层时,则以多项式或对数形式递减。由于开心树形叶幕透射率较高，树冠不同部位的PAR分别高于小冠树形处理，因而有利于苹果树的光合作用。Solar radiation （300 - 1010 nm）, photo synthetically active radiation （ PAR, 380 - 720 nm）, ultraviolet radiation （U, 300- 380 nm）, infrared radiation （R/FR ,780- 1010 nm）, transmission rate of solar direct radiation and diffused radiation of apple （ Malus domestica Borhk. cv. Fuji） were measured under the field with the center-open and small canopy trepanning system at Beijing from 2004 to 2007. The result showed that：when solar radiation passed through canopy, radiation spectrum changed greatly. At 530- 560 nm and 738 - 746 nm, the radiation reduced significantly, and at 738 - 746 nm, the radiation reduced slowly. The ratio of transmission of center-open trepanning system was higher than that of small canopy trepanning system. The ratio of PAR, U and R/FR radiation were different in different canopy. From surface to inner of the canopy, the ratio of PAR was decreased and the ratio of U and R/FR radiation were increased. The intensity of PAR, U and R/FR radiation decreased from surface to inner of the canopy. The intensity of solar radiation, PAR,U and R/FR radiation were different in different canopy. Fitting equations showed that, when solar radiation and PAR passed through canopy, their radiant intensity decreased in the way of exponential function;and when U and R/FR passed through canopy, their radiant intensity decreased in the way of logarithmic function or polynomial function.

关 键 词：叶幕 太阳辐射 光质 微区光环境 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]