不同灌排模式稻田排水中氮磷流失规律  

N and P losses in Surface Drainage from Paddy Field under Different Irrigation and Drainage Modes

作　　者：高焕芝[1,2] 彭世彰[1] 茆智[3] 魏征[1,2] 张正良[1] 张杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学现代农业工程学院,江苏南京210098 [3]武汉大学水利水电学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2009年第9期1-3,7,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学重点基金项目(50839002);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD11B09-3);全国优秀博士学位论文作者专项基金(200546);河海大学院士学科建设基金项目(2084/4021E7)

摘　　要：为了研究不同灌排模式稻田排水中氮磷流失规律,以集成合理的节水灌溉与控制排水技术,在江苏高邮开展田间试验。试验区排水斗沟出口处设水位调控闸门,在水稻不同生育阶段对排水沟水位及田间水分进行控制,形成新型的控制灌排模式。与常规灌排模式进行对比,两年田间试验成果表明,控制灌排模式较常规灌排模式节水16.7%,增产7.1%,排水总量减少54%,水稻全生育期稻田排水中NH4+-N、NO3--N与TP流失总量分别减少38.07%、82.29%和52.15%,节水减排和降污效果显著。采用控制灌排模式,通过实施灌水调控和排水管理,控制了氮磷流失关键时期的排水量,高效利用了水分和养分,取得了节水高产、减排控污的效果。A field experiment was performed in Gaoyou City, Jiangsu Province, to study the nitrogen and phosphorus losses under different irrigation and drainage mode and to integrate scientific irrigation and drainage technology. By setting water-controlling strobe at the ditches in the experiment plot, the drainage was regulated to different growing stages. Two years＇ experiment demonstrated that controlled irrigation and drainage mode attained remarkable reduction of N and P losses, with a 16.7%o reduction in total irrigation water , a 7.09% increase in rice yield, a 54% reduction in drainage water, a 38. 07% ,82.29% and 52. 15% reduction of total NH4^＋ -N, NO3^- -N and TP losses respectively, compared with conventional irrigation and drainage mode. Efficient uses of water and nutrient were achieved under controlled irrigation and drainage mode. With reasonable water management, the key periods of N and P losing were controlled and N and P losses were significantly lowered in surface drain discharge from paddy field.

关 键 词：稻田 控制灌溉 控制排水 氮磷流失 

分 类 号：S276.7[农业科学—农业水土工程]