不同水肥条件下水稻全生育期稻田氮素浓度变化规律  

Research on Nitrogen Dynamics in Paddy Field under Different Levels of Water and Fertilizer during Whole Growing Period

作　　者：王莹[1,2] 彭世彰[1] 焦健 孔伟丽[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学农业工程学院,江苏南京210098 [3]江苏省昆山市水利局,江苏苏州215300

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2009年第9期12-16,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(50839002-5);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD11B09-3);优秀博士学位论文作者专项基金(200546);江苏省太湖水污染治理科技专项计划项目(BS2007139)

摘　　要：为了寻找较优的水肥运筹模式以促进农业生产和减少过量施肥对环境造成的面源污染,开展了基于蒸渗仪中水样采集与室内水质化验的试验研究,分析了水稻全生育期不同水肥模式对稻田氮素浓度变化的影响与不同土壤深度氮素浓度的变化规律。结果表明,不同水肥条件下稻田地表水与土壤溶液中氮素浓度总体呈现施肥后10 d内出现峰值,之后迅速下降,并逐渐趋于稳定的变化规律。减少施肥后10 d内稻田排水量或推迟排水时间,是降低其氮素随径流流失的有效途径。控制灌溉减少了稻田氮素对地表水的污染,其土壤溶液中氮素浓度虽略有增加,但由于总渗漏量减少,因此总淋失量仍小于淹水灌溉。受不同水肥因素的影响,地表水和各层土壤溶液中硝态氮和铵态氮的浓度变化规律存在差异。淹水灌溉条件下施肥水平对氮素浓度影响不显著,而控制灌溉条件下实地施肥氮素浓度低于常规施肥。综合考虑水肥耦合的影响,控制灌溉实地养分管理运筹模式是减少稻田氮素淋失量的较优水肥运筹模式。In order to find an effective coupling effect of water and fertilizer and reduce non-point pollution, nitrogen transportation, dynamics and pollution in paddy field as affected by different levels of water and fertilizer are investigated by analyzing surface water and soil solution samples. The experiments are conducted in lysimeters and TN.NO3^- and NH4^＋ analyzed during the whole season of rice growing. The results indicate that the value of contamination concentration reaches to the peak ten days after fertilizing, then drops rabidly and last approaches to a steady state. The drainage should be regulated in order to reduce the runoff of nitrogen. As affected by different level of water and fertilizer, the feature of NO3^- and NH4^＋ concentration is different in surface water and soil solu tion. The pollution produced by nitrogen in surface water in paddy field can be decreased by control irrigation, and the concentration in soil water is higher than traditional irrigation, however, the total leaching is lower. Overall, the poilution can be efficiently reduced by control irrigation. Under traditional irrigation, the effect of different levels of fertilizer on concentration of N is not obvious, but under control irrigation, the concentration of site-specific nutrient management （SSNM） is higher than farmers＇ fertilization practice （FFP）. It can be concluded that the concentration of control irrigation and SSNM is an effective way for reducing nitrogen leaching.

关 键 词：稻田 氮素 控制灌溉 实地养分管理 运移 淋失 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]