模拟降雨条件下黄土坡地土壤溶质迁移特征试验研究  

Traits of Soil Solute Transport on Loess Slope Land Under Condition of Simulation Rainfall

作　　者：张亚丽[1,2] 李怀恩[2] 杨素勤[1] 孟庆香[1,1] 黄珺嫦[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资环学院,郑州450002 [2]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2009年第4期113-117,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40801102,90610030);国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD09B06);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07010-004)

摘　　要：土壤质地和溶质性质对土壤溶质地表迁移过程有较大影响。通过室内模拟降雨试验,以杨凌塿土、安塞黄绵土和神木绵砂土为研究对象,研究了土壤NO3-、NH4+、PO43-、K+和Br-的迁移特征。结果表明,塿土的溶质地表流失量均高于黄绵土和绵砂土,尤其是吸附性强的NH4+和PO43-。NO3-与Br-坡面流失以随地表径流流失为主,且主要集中在产流开始的初期阶段。3种土壤处理中径流溶质最高浓度ρmax(mg/L)大小顺序为:ρmax塿土>ρmax黄绵土>ρmax绵砂土,土壤溶质随入渗水分的迁移能力由大至小依次为:Br->NO3->K+>NH4+>PO43-。塿土等效径流迁移深度EDR最大,黄绵土次之,砂绵土最小,各溶质EDR与溶质垂向迁移能力无明显相关性。The soil solute transport with surface runoff and sediment was greatly impacted by the soil texture and solute character. According to the results of simulation rainfall experiments, the transport traits of soil NO3^-, NH4^＋ , PO4^3- , K^＋ and Br^- on loess slope lands with different soil textures, Yangling Lou soil, Ansai loam,Shenmu silt loam, respectively, were investigated. It showed that the surface loss of sandy clay soil solute was more than that of loam, and silt loam one, especially for the adsorbed NH4^＋ and PO4^3-. The surface transport of soil NO3^- and Brwas usually along with overland flow, and mainly in the early process after runoff occured. The maximum solute content in surface runoff, pmax （mg/L）, was that of sandy clay slope, and the minimum one was that of silt loam slope. The sequence of infiltration capacity for soil chemicals was Br^-〉NO3^-〉 K^＋〉 NH4^＋〉PO4^3- The effective depth of transport by runoff,EDR in brief, of sandy clay slope, was the most of the three kind soil slope, and that of silt loam slope was the least. There was no evident relativity between the EDR and the infiltration ability.

关 键 词：模拟降雨 黄土坡地 土壤质地 溶质性质 迁移特征 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S157.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]