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作 者:徐钰[1,2] 刘兆辉[2] 江丽华[2] 张民[1]
机构地区:[1]作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,山东济南250100
出 处:《水土保持学报》2009年第4期180-184,189,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基 金:国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD17B07);国家"948"项目(201054);教育部"高等学校骨干教师资助计划"[教技司(2000)65号]
摘 要:采用盆栽试验方法,研究了美国铜基杀菌剂Kocide2000(KCD),波尔多液营养保护剂(BNPP),传统波尔多液(BDM)3种铜制剂及配施有机物料对土壤某些生化性质和菠菜生长的影响。结果表明,铜制剂处理下土壤中有效铜含量较对照增加90~220倍,而有效铁含量显著降低。铜制剂的施用显著抑制了土壤酶活性,BDM对土壤酶活性的抑制率最强,与对照相比,土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性分别减小82.3%,4.1%,73.4%;其次是BNPP处理,3种酶活性较对照分别减少45.4%,3.1%,39.1%;相关分析表明,3种酶活性均与土壤中有效铜含量呈显著性负相关。过量铜制剂还影响了菠菜的生长发育,生物量显著减少,植株体内铜、铁含量明显提高,锌含量减少。增施有机物料可减弱铜制剂对土壤生化性质的影响,其中土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性分别提高了28%~57%和13%~17%,菠菜的生长发育也有所改善。A spinach pot experiment was conducted to predict the potential influence of copper-based pesticides induding-Kocide 2000 (KCD), Bordeaux nutrition protective powder (BNPP) and Bordeaux mixture (BDM) about biochemical characteristics of soil and the growth of plant. Moreover, the effects of addition of a definite quantity of organic matter on the soil-plant system were also examined. The results indicated that contents of available Cu in all treatments were increased by 90-220 times corresponding with control, and the soil available Fe were lowed in the process. The enzyme activities in soil treated with all copper-based pesticides were significantly decreased, these declinations were especially observed in the soil treated with BDM, the activities of urease, catalase and sucrase were declined by 82.3%, 4.1% and 73.4%, respectively, and by 45.4%, 3.1% and 39.1% in BNPP treatment. A significant negative correlation between available Cu and the activities of the enzymes were found. The growth and yield of spinach in the soil were even markedly decreased by the copper-based bactericides. Furthermore, contents of Cu and Fe in the spinach were increased, while content of available Zn was reduced. To sum up, the effects of BNPP on soil biochemical characteristics were slightly more than that of KCD, and lower than that of BDM. The addition of organie matter could decrease the deleterious effects of copper-based pesticides on soil-plant system and the activities of urease, sucrase were increased by 28%-57% and 13%- 17%, respectively, and the growth of spinach was also improved.
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