不同基因型水稻钾素吸收利用对施钾量的生理响应  

Physiological Response of Potassium Absorption and Utilization of Different Genotypes Rice to Potassium Application Rates

作　　者：王强盛[1] 丁艳锋[1] 朱艳[1] 王绍华[1] 曹卫星[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2009年第4期190-194,199,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家863计划资助项目(2006AA10Z219;2006AA10A303);国家科技支撑计划项目(2004BA520A03;2006BAD02A03);江苏省科技攻关项目(BE2004387)

摘　　要：以常规粳稻武运粳7号、武香粳14号和杂交粳稻86优8号、泗优422为材料,研究了施钾量对不同基因型水稻钾素累积、分配和利用的影响。结果表明,施钾提高了水稻产量和经济系数,以12 kg/667 m2K2O处理最高;施钾提高了水稻群体吸钾量及拔节期到成熟期吸钾比例;施钾使植株钾素快速累积的平均速率和最大速率增大,但起止时间和持续时间缩短;施钾提高了水稻抽穗期和成熟期叶片、茎鞘和穗的钾素分配量及茎鞘分配比例,但降低了叶片分配比例,并以茎鞘分配量差异最大;随施钾量增加,水稻钾素回收效率、利用指数和植株钾生产效率降低,钾素农学效率、生理效率和生理指数则先升后降,以钾素生理指数、生理效率与产量的相关性较高。常规粳稻的产量、拔节期到成熟期吸钾比例、钾素快速累积的起止时间和持续时间及钾素生理效率、生理指数、植株钾生产效率高于杂交粳稻,但群体吸钾量、移栽到拔节期吸钾比例、钾素快速累积的最大速率和平均速率、茎鞘钾素分配量及比例、钾素回收效率低于杂交粳稻。Effects of potassium application rates （0, 6, 12, 18 kg/667 m^2 K2O） on plant potassium accumulation, distribution and utilization characteristics of different genotypes rice were studied by using conventional japonica cultivars （Wuyunjing7, Wuxiangjingl4） and hybrid japonica cultivars （86you8, Siyou422）. The resulted showed as follows. Both rice yield and harvest index were increased with the increment of potassium application, which they obtained the highest at the K2O application rate of 12 kg/667m^2. Plant potassium accumulation and absorption percentage from elongation stage to maturing stage were raised, as well as average and maximal rate of potassium speediness accumulation period under potassium application, but starting to terminating date and duration date of potassium speediness accumulation period were opposite. Through potassium fertilizing, plant potassium absorption and the percentage of potassium accumulation from elongating stage to maturing stage were increased. Potassium application promoted potassium distribution amount in leaf, culm and sheath, panicle, and distribution percentage of cuhn and sheath, whereas reduced distribution percentage of leaf. The variation of potassium distribution amount in culm and sheath were larger than oth- ers. With the increment of potassium application rates, rice potassium recovery efficiency, plant potassium productivity and potassium utilization index decreased, potassium agronomy efficiency, physiology efficiency and physiology index increased at first and then decreased. Among these estimation index, the correlation of potassium physiology index and physiology efficiency to yield were higher. Rice yield, potassium absorption percentage from elongation stage to maturing stage, starting to terminating date and duration date of potassium speediness accumulation period, potassium physiology efficiency, potassium physiology index, and plant potassium productivity of conventional japonica cultivars were higher than those of hybrid japonica cultivars,

关 键 词：水稻 施钾量 钾素吸收 利用效率 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]