高流行区甲型肝炎疫苗免疫方案研究  

Studies on Immunization Strategy against Hepatitis A in a Highly Prevalent Area

作　　者：张勇[1,2,3,4,5] 马景臣 赵守军[1,2,3,4,5] 杨丽华[1,2,3,4,5] 韩常全 张英林[1,2,3,4,5] 陈吉朝[1,2,3,4,5] 孙永德 欧阳佩英[1,2,3,4,5] 徐志一 

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学 [2]正定县卫生防疫站 [3]上海医科大学 [4]石家庄市卫生防疫站 [5]河北省卫生防疫站

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》1998年第5期295-296,共2页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨甲型肝炎高流行区疫苗免疫方案。方法观察新生儿母传抗ＨＡＶ抗体的衰减及处于甲型肝炎流行不同阶段儿童甲型肝炎病毒感染率随年龄上升的规律。结果新生儿母传抗体的阳性率按ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ曲线下降，１３个月内从９７．４％下降为５．０％；非流行期儿童甲型肝炎病毒感染率从１．５岁起随年龄上升，２岁前保持在１０％以内；流行期儿童甲型肝炎病毒感染率随年龄增加而起点提前，速度加快。鉴于甲型肝炎发病随年龄上升的起点滞后于感染，认为甲型肝炎高流行区新生儿甲型肝炎母传抗体向自然感染抗体转换的“窗口期”是在出生后１２～２４个月。结论根据流行情况与经济条件。Objective To explore a strategy for immunization against hepatitis A (HA) in highly prevalent areas. Methods Maternal antibodies against hepatitis A virus (anti HAV) were detected for newly born infants and infection rate of HAV was monitored for children at various stages of epidemic of HA. Results Proportions of positive maternal anti HAV in newly born infants decreased from 97.4% to 5.0% during their first 13 months of life in a logistic curve pattern. HAV infection increased with age after one and a half years old during non epidemic period, and kept in less than 10% before two years old. The age of the increase in HAV infection shifted to an earlier dates and the rate of infection speeded up more for children during an epidemic period. The “window” phase converting maternal anti HAV to natural infection for infants in the highly prevalent areas was in 12 to 24 months after birth, because the age starting to increase HA infection lagged behind that of infection. Conclusion Based on the prevalence of HA and economic situation, the appropriate time for children's HAV immunization is 12 to 24 months of age.

关 键 词：甲型肝炎 疫苗免疫 流行病学 

分 类 号：R512.610.1[医药卫生—内科学]