关中地区耕作方法与土壤紧实度时空变异及其效应分析  

Spatial-temporal variability of soil hardness and effect of soil hardness on other soil properties in rotary tillage in Guanzhong farmland

作　　者：焦彩强[1] 王益权[1] 刘军[1] 赵加瑞[1] 宋晓燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2009年第3期7-12,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：陕西省农业科技推广项目"2008年关中灌区小麦玉米优质高效栽培模式试验与示范"(4130202;11203533)

摘　　要：为了探明关中地区土壤紧实度的基本情况,揭示长期旋耕方法对于土壤紧实度的作用与影响,在关中头道塬设置了旋耕和深翻处理、休闲和种植小麦处理的定位观察试验,在小麦各生育阶段分别监测了0-40 cm剖面范围内土壤紧实度变异情况,分析了影响土壤紧实度的因子等。结果表明：播前施行旋耕土壤紧实度较高,尤其是在15-40 cm表现得较为明显,限制了作物根系伸长;深耕松土的效应在整个小麦生育期间都能得到明显的体现。实验证实了生产上现行的旋耕方法具有明显地导致土壤紧实化的问题。土壤紧实度与含水量明显相关,影响程度随土壤深度的增加而增大;土壤紧实度对含水量的敏感反应意味着土壤干燥化会对作物生长带来干旱和机械双重胁迫;同时随着紧实度的增加土壤内部温度变化幅度也在增大。可见现行旋耕方法使得土壤不良环境缓冲性降低,对于降水或者灌溉的依赖性在增强,土壤已经处于明显疲劳状态。The objective of this study was to investigate soil hardness in the Guanzhong Plain and to determine the relationship between rotary tillage method and soil hardness in the region. The experiment was conducted in the first tableland of the Guanzhong Plain. There were two cultivation treatments （rotary tillage and deep tillage） and two cropping treatments （wheat and fallow）. Soil hardness was determined in 5cm increments from 0 - 40 cm during the wheat growing season. The results showed that rotary tillage before planting increased soil hardness. The effect was especially large in the 15 - 40 cm layer where the growth of wheat roots was limited. In contrast, the positive effects of deep tillage were ob- served throughout the entire wheat growing season. Thus, this study indicated that rotary tillage led to a hardening of the soil. There was a significant correlation between soil hardness and soil water content. The effect of soil hardness on soil water content increased as soil depth increased. The sensitivity of soil water content to soil hardness means that soil aridization causes double stresses of drought and mechanical stress on crop growing. Soil temperature also increased as soil hardness increased. SO the current rotary tillage caused the buffeting to bad environment of soil decreased, and the dependency to precipitation or irrigation increased, and soil is in remarkable fatigue state.

关 键 词：耕作方法 土壤紧实度 含水量 土壤温度 关中地区 

分 类 号：S152.6[农业科学—土壤学]