不同农艺措施对云南红壤坡耕地钾素平衡和流失的影响  

Effect of Different Agronomic Measures on Potassium Balance and Loss of Red Soil on Sloping Farmland in Yunnan

作　　者：刘建香[1] 贾秋鸿[1] 田树 杨云 郭云周[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]富民县农业技术推广所,云南富民650400

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2009年第4期1006-1010,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：加拿大国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)项目;云南持续农业的坡地管理(NMS-Yunnan199801)

摘　　要：通过野外径流小区的实地观测,研究种植方式、施肥方式和等高植物篱条带3种农艺措施对云南红壤坡耕地土壤钾素平衡和流失的影响。结果表明,在等高种植+平衡施肥+等高植物篱条带组合农艺措施条件下,收获玉米带走钾192.41kg/hm2,水土流失带走钾15.56kg/hm2;顺坡种植+农民习惯施肥收获玉米带走钾126.08kg/hm2,水土流失带走钾538.06kg/hm2。等高种植增加收获玉米带走钾素12.70kg/hm2,减少水土流失带走钾素356.82kg/hm2;平衡施肥增加收获玉米带走钾素61.59kg/hm2,减少水土流失带走钾素47.97kg/hm2;等高种植和平衡施肥条件下,等高植物篱条带减少水土流失带走钾素117.71kg/hm2;顺坡种植和习惯施肥条件下,等高植物篱条带减少水土流失带走钾素518.14kg/hm2。Soil and water erosion, which highly related to improper farming, is a serious problem in Yunnan Province. A runoff experiment was conducted on a slopping farmland with a gradient of 26.05 % in red soil area from 2004 to 2006 at Gaocang Village of Fumin County in Yunnan Province. Potassium （K） balance status between input and removal by corn and straw harvest, water and soil erosion were investigated in this experiment consisted of different cropping patterns, fertilization and contour hedgerow strip. The results showed that 192.41 kg/ hm^2 K2O had been removed by corn harvesting and 15.56 kg/hm^2 by water and soil erosion, which accounted for 92.52 % and 7.48 % of the total K2O removal respectively in treatment with integrated contour hedgerows strip ＋ contour cropping ＋ balanced fertilization. Only 126.08 kg/hm^2 had been removed by corn harvesting, accounting for 18.98 % of the total K2O removal, but 538.06 kg/hm^2 removed by soil and water erosion, accounting for 81.02 % of the total Kz O removal in treatment with down slope cropping ＋ local farmer＇ s fertilization. K2O removal by corn harvesting was 12.70 kg/hm^2 larger in treatment with down slope cropping ＋ balanced fertilization than in treatment with contour cropping ＋ balanced fertilization, but K2O removal by water and soil erosion was 356.82 kg/hm^2 less. Under contour cropping ＋ balanced fertilization, adding treatment with contour hedgerow strip reduced 7.96 kg/hm^2 K2O removal by corn harvesting and reduced 117.71 kg/hm^2 K2O loss by water and soil erosion. Under down slope cropping ＋ farmer＇ s fertilization, adding treatment with contour hedgerow strip reduced 6.43 kg/hm＆2 K2O removal by corn harvesting and reduced 518.14 kg/hm^2 K2O loss by water and soil erosion. In treatment with down slope cropping system, treatment with balanced fertilization system increased 61.59 kg/hm2 of K2O removal by harvesting, but reduced 47.97 kg/hm2 of K2O removal by water and soil erosion compared with treatment with local farmer＇ s fertil

关 键 词：顺坡种植 等高种植 习惯施肥 平衡施肥 等高植物篱条带 钾素带走 

分 类 号：S143.3[农业科学—肥料学]