几种天然植物纤维的鉴别方法  

Methods to identify several natural plant fibers

作　　者：高路[1] 王越平[1] 王戈[2] 程海涛[2] 田根林[2] 高绪珊[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京服装学院北京市纺织材料开发与评价重点实验室,北京100029 [2]国际竹藤网络中心国家林业局竹藤科学与技术重点实验室,北京100102

出　　处：《上海纺织科技》2009年第9期7-9,共3页Shanghai Textile Science & Technology

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD19B07);北京服装学院纺织材料开发与评价重点实验室07开放项目(2007ZK-10)

摘　　要：采用纤维形态、尺寸法对大麻、黄麻、亚麻、苎麻、竹纤维等植物纤维进行了鉴别。首先对几种麻纤维、竹纤维进行脱胶处理，使其达到单纤化，通过扫描电镜、光学显微镜测试纤维规格尺寸、纵横向形态，分析研究竹纤维与几种麻纤维的鉴别方法。结果表明：纤维长度在3mm左右、截面呈卵圆形且中腔较大、无麻节的可确定为黄麻纤维；单纤维长度大多在80-120mm，截面为腰圆形、中腔压扁、壁上有裂纹、纵向有麻节的为苎麻纤维；截面呈多边形且中腔较小、纵向有麻节的为亚麻纤维；纤维形态与苎麻相似但纤维长度在25mm左右的为大麻纤维；纤维极短，在3mm左右，截面近似圆形且中腔较小、纵向粗糙、似树皮状、无竹节的为竹纤维。In the paper, bamboo, hemp, jute, flax and ramie fibers were identified based on their morphological structure. The fibers were degummed respectively to make them in single - fiber state and then several methods to identify bamboo fiber and other plant fibers were analyzed through testing and measuring their single fiber size and longitudinal and cross - section shape by use of scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. The results show that the fiber with egg - shape, large lumen, 3mm in length and without lengthwise bunch is jute. The cross section of the ramie is abnormal ellipse with hollow lumen and checking edge. The size of ramie is 80 - 120mm in length. The fiber which is polygon in cross -section with small lumen and has lengthwise bunch is flax. The hemp is similar with ramie in morphology but the length is about 25mm. And the fiber which is short in length and no more than 3ram without lengthwise bunch and has round section shape with small lumen, but rough in longitudinal direction is bamboo fiber.

关 键 词：植物纤维 竹纤维 扫描电子显微镜 鉴别 

分 类 号：TS102.2[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]