中华绒螯蟹幼蟹对饲料中维生素A的适宜需要量  

Dietary vitamin A requirement of juvenile Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis

作　　者：孙新瑾[1] 王玥[1] 陈立侨[1] 李二超[1] 吴萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2009年第5期539-545,共7页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03B03);国家自然科学基金项目(30771670);国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2006GB2C-000088);上海市曙光跟踪计划项目(06GG06);上海市科委基础重大专项课题(06dj14003);上海高校水产养殖学E-研究院项目(E03009);上海市自然科学基金(09ZR1409800)

摘　　要：在室内条件下研究了中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）幼蟹对维生素A的适宜需要量。在基础饲料中分别添加0、5000、10000、20000、40000、80000、160000和320000IU／kg的维生素A，得到8种等氮等能的半精制饲料，投喂体重为（1．54±0．45）g的幼蟹10周。结果表明，随着饲料中维生素A添加量的提高，幼蟹的增重率和特定生长率先升高后降低，当维生素A添加量为80000IU／kg时，幼蟹的增重率和特定生长率最高，分别为82．23％和0．86％；饲料效率随着饲料中维生素A添加量的升高先升高后降低，当添加量为40000IU／kg时饲料效率最高；饲料中维生素A添加量为320000IU／kg时，蟹体粗脂肪的含量达到最高，并显著高于其他各试验组（P〈0．05）；肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶活性随着饲料中维生素A添加量的升高先在一定水平波动，而后明显下降并在较低水平波动；投喂不同维生素A添加量饲料对中华绒螯蟹眼中维生素A的含量没有显著的影响。结果提示，饲料中添加适量的维生素A，可以促进中华绒螯蟹的生长，降低饲料系数，并且可以在一定程度上提高非特异性免疫能力。采用Broken—line模型分析得出中华绒螯蟹幼蟹对维生素A的适宜需要量为69740～70770IU／kg。A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary vitamin A requirement of juvenile Chinese mitten-handed crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Casein was used as protein source, dextrin as sugar source and fish oil as lipid source, and eight semi-purified diets with 0, 5 000, 10 000, 20 000, 40 000, 80 000, 160 000 and 320 000 IU/Kg vitamin A were formulated respectively, and fed twice a day to triplicate groups of 30 juveniles per tank with an initial weight of （ 1.54 ± 0.45 ） g. The results showed that vitamin A had significant effects on crab weight gain （WG）, specific growth rate （SGR）, FE, crude lipid and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity. WG and SGR of the crab increased as dietary vitamin A increased up to 80 000 IU/Kg, and then decreased as vitamin A increased further. FE increased as dietary Vitamin A increased up to 40 000 IU/Kg, and then decreased as vitamin A increased. Whole body total lipid was significantly higher in crab fed 320 000 IU/Kg diet than other levels （P 〈 0.05）. SOD activity in hepatopancreas fluctuates at a particular level, then decreased significantly and fluctuates at low level as vitamin A increased. There is no significant difference of total retinol contents in eyes among all treatments. These data suggest that dietary vitamin A significantly improved crab growth, increased FE, and enhanced non-specific immunity to some extent. WG and SGR analysed by the broken-line method indicated that the optimum dietary vitamin A requirement of juvenile Chinese mitten-handed crab is between 69 740 -70 770 IU/Kg.

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 营养需求 维生素A 

分 类 号：S963.1[农业科学—水产养殖]