哈密黄芪化学成分预试及生物碱成分色谱分析  

Preliminary chemical test of Astragalus hamiensis S.B.Ho and alkaloids analysis

作　　者：孙莉莎[1] 路浩[1] 赵宝玉[1] 霍星华[1] 万学攀[1] 刘忠艳[1] 王占新[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物医学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2009年第9期1217-1221,共5页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：农业部援藏资助项目(草地毒草综合防治技术与利用;农发司20071010)

摘　　要：采用植物化学成分系统预试法、生物碱系统提取法和薄层色谱技术对哈密黄芪化学成分,特别是生物碱成分进行了薄层色谱分析。结果表明,哈密黄芪含有生物碱、多糖、苷类、氨基酸、甾体、萜类、油脂、鞣质、酚类、有机酸、黄酮、醌类、强心甙和香豆素。2 968 g哈密黄芪经乙醇热回流提取得303.3 g总浸膏,经酸化、碱化,所得碱液依次用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,得到3部分浸膏分别为0.51,1.72,19.10 g,提取率分别为0.017%,0.058%,0.644%;说明哈密黄芪生物碱主要集中在正丁醇提取部分,以大极性生物碱为主。对各部分提取物进行薄层层析分析,结果显示氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇提取部分生物碱至少分别有17,13,5种。经与标准样品对照,证明哈密黄芪所含的生物碱主要以苦马豆素等吲哚里西啶生物碱为主,同时也含有少量的黄华碱和臭豆碱等喹诺里西啶生物碱。本试验还利用薄层制备技术分离得到正丁醇提取部分中的苦马豆素。Using phytochemistry composition preliminary systematic test, alkaloids systematic extract method and TLC to determine the chemical components of Astragalus hamiensis S. B. Ho. The results showed that A. hamiensis S. B. Ho contained alkaloids, polysaccharides, glucosides, aminoacid, steroids, terpenoids, oils, tannin, phenol, organic acid, flavonoids,chinones,cardiac glycosides and coumarin. 2 968 g plant materials placed in a large round botton flask with industrial alcohol and heated reflux for several hours, the ethanol collection was concentrated to dryness, yield cowextractum 303.3 g, the extractum was dissolved in acid and adjusted to alkalinity, and then extracted by chloroform,acetic ether and n butanol by turns. Three extracted fractions were concentrated to dryness, obtained extractum 0.51,1.72 and 19.10 g,accounting for 0. 017%,0. 058%,0. 644% of extraction percentage,indicating that the alkaloids of A. harniensis S. B. Ho mainly localize in n-butanol aliquot in which was macro alkaloids. Each extracted fractions was determined by TLC, the alkaloids were visualized with reforming potassium Hep taiodobismuthate reagent or Ehlrich＇s reagent, it shown kinds of alkaloids in extractum from chloroform, acetic ether and n-butanol are 17,13 and 5 at least. Compared with nominal sample, the mainly alkaloids in extracted fraction were swainsonine and the analogous indolizidine,while contained small amount of ermopsine and anagyrine which be long to quinolizidine in A. hamiensis S. B. Ho. Swainsonine was separated from n-butanol extractum by TLC.

关 键 词：哈密黄芪 生物碱 薄层层析 苦马豆素 

分 类 号：S856.9[农业科学—临床兽医学]