基于光子发射的电火花加工电极能量分布研究  

Study on Energy Distribution at Electrode of Electrical Discharge Machining Based on Photon Emission

作　　者：邱明波[1,2] 黄因慧[1] 刘志东[1,2] 田宗军[2] 汪炜[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学江苏省精密与微细制造技术重点实验室,江苏南京210016 [2]南京航空航天大学机电学院,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《光学学报》2009年第9期2546-2551,共6页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省高技术研究计划项目(BG2007004)资助课题

摘　　要：为了研究电火花加工过程的机理,基于光子发射计算了阴极、阳极的能量分布。首先得到了放电通道中的正离子及电子的物质波长,发现正离子主要以振动的形式运动在放电通道中向外辐射光子,而电子主要以衍射的形式运动在阳极表面向外辐射光子。通过假设光子以等概率的形式辐射,计算了阴极、阳极表面获得的热流密度、热流量以及平均热流密度的方程,重新解释了小脉宽电流加工的明显极性效应,以及大脉宽条件下的不明显极性效应。最后,阐述了这一原理对电火花微细加工,精加工以及粗加工的影响,说明小脉宽电流应该用正极性加工且可设法压缩放电通道提高精度,大脉宽应该用负极性加工且不必压缩放电通道提高效率及表面质量。In order to study the mechanism of electrical discharge machining（EDM）, the energy distribution of cathode and anode was calculated based on photon emission. The matter waves of positive ion and electron were firstly obtained and knowledge was got that the positive ion mainly moved in vibration and produced photon emission in discharge channel, and that the electron mainly moved in diffraction and produced photon emission at anode. The photon emission was assumed equal probability, and several equations had been attained about heat density, heat and average heat density, and a newly explanation was submitted that large polar action expressed when using small duration charge, and small polar action expressed when using large duration charge. At last, the affection of this mechanism was applied to micro EDM, finish machining and rough machining, showed that small duration charge matched with normal polarity （work piece to positive electrode） and compacting discharge channel which could guarantee the precision, and that large duration charge matched with reversed polarity （work piece to negative electrode） and no need to compact discharge channel which could guarantee machining efficiency and surface quality.

关 键 词：光电子学 电火花 能量分布 光子发射 物质的波 极性效应 

分 类 号：O463[机械工程—光学工程] TG661[理学—电子物理学]