祁连山中段北坡最大降水高度带观测与研究  

Study on the Zone of Maximum Precipitation in the North Slopes of the Central Qilian Mountains

作　　者：王宁练[1] 贺建桥[1] 蒋熹[1] 宋高举[1] 蒲健辰[1] 武小波[1] 陈亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2009年第3期395-403,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院创新团队国际合作伙伴计划项目(CXTD-Z2005-2);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(40525001);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2005CB422003);科技部基础性工作专项(2006FY1102007);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-310)资助

摘　　要：2006年6月至2008年9月,在祁连山中段北坡黑河流域上游进行了降水空间变化的统观测.结果表明：在黑河上游流域中山区,夏季降水量从东向西呈减少趋势,递减率约为80 mm·（100 km）^-1;最大降水高度带位于海拔4 500－4 700 m左右,年降水量为485 mm,该高度带与本区最大相对湿度高度层（海拔4 600 m左右）以及夏季气温零温层高度（海拔4 680 m左右）相一致.研究区域2008年夏季的凝结高度大致位于海拔4 900 m左右,个别降水日的凝结高度可降至海拔4 460 m左右.在最大降水高度带以下的高山和中低山区,年降水量随海拔升高的递增率为17.2 mm·（100 m）^-1,夏季降水量的递增率为11.5 mm·（100m）^-1.During the period of June 2006 through September 2008, an investigation in spatial variations in precipitation in the upper catchment of the Heihe River in the north slopes of the central Qilian Mountains was conducted. Based on the data observed, it was found that： 1） summer precipitation displayed a decreasing trend from east to west in the intermediate altitude with a rate of approximately 80mm·（100 km）^-1; 2） the zone of maximum precipitation lay between 4 500 to 4 700 m a. s. 1. （where annual precipitation is 485 mm）, which coincided with the zone of maximum relative humidity （above 4 400 m a. s. 1., with a central height of 4 600 m a. s. 1. ） and the height of 0 ℃ in summer （about 4 680 m a. s. 1.）. By analysis of the difference between air temperature and dew point at different heights in the days that precipitation occurred, it is deduced that the average condensation height was 4 900 m a. s. 1. in the sum- mertime of 2008, and it might decrease to 4 460 m a. s. 1. sporadically. In the studied mountainous area under the zone of maximum precipitation, mean annual precipitation increased with the height with a rate of 17.2 mm·（100 km）^-1, and summer precip- itation increased with a rate of 11.5 mm·（100 km）^-1 .

关 键 词：祁连山 黑河 最大降水高度带 七一冰川 

分 类 号：P426.613[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]