1998-2007年新疆植被覆盖变化及驱动因素分析  

Study of the Vegetation Cover Change and Its Driving Factors over Xinjiang during 1998—2007

作　　者：杨光华[1,2] 包安明[1,3] 陈曦[1] 刘海隆[1] 黄莹[1,2] 代述勇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [3]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2009年第3期436-445,共10页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2009CB421301);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAH12B03);新疆主体功能区区划项目资助

摘　　要：利用1998—2007年SPOT VGT归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据对新疆植被覆盖的年际和空间变化进行了动态监测,并从气候变化和人类活动双重角度分析了植被覆盖演变的原因.1998—2007年新疆植被覆盖变化经历了2个阶段:1998—2001年植被覆盖严重退化时期;2002—2007年植被覆盖由急剧上升到缓慢下降再到持续升高时期,NDVI明显高于20世纪末期水平.新疆植被覆盖变化存在显著的空间差异,阿尔泰山地森林、巴音布鲁克草原等自然植被NDVI明显退化,农业灌溉区和生态建设地区的植被覆盖明显提高.从不同的土地利用类型来看,沙地和耕地的NDVI上升趋势显著,林地和草地植被的NDVI退化严重.研究表明,新疆植被覆盖变化是气候变化和人类活动共同作用的结果.温度对植被覆盖变化的影响表现为对植被生长年内韵律的控制和春季植被生长期的延长,年降水量的波动式下降是导致新疆植被覆盖变化呈现2个阶段的主导因素.农业生产水平的提高是新疆农业灌溉区NDVI不断上升的重要原因,同时,近年来大规模实施的生态建设工程所带来的生态效应正在呈现.A time series of SPOT-VEGETATION Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） data with lkm 1km spatial resolution were used to monitor the inter-annual and spatial vegetation cover change during the period of 1998 to 2007 in Xinjiang. The vegetation change reasons were analyzed from the points of view of climate change and human activities. Vegetation cover change experienced the following two periods in the recent decade in Xinjiang： a vegetation degradation from 1998 to 2001 and a wavy recovery from 2002 to 2007, as a result, the NDVI was obviously higher than the vegetation cover level at the end of the last century. There were some significant spatial differences of the vegetation cover change. The NDVI of natural forests and grasslands, such as Altay Mountain forest and Bayingbuluke grassland, obviously degenerated, and the vegetation cover change of agriculture irrigation areas and ecological construction areas increased significantly. The NDVI of sandy land and cultivated land had an ascending tendency, but the vegetation cover of forest land and grassland degenerated severely. It is found that the vegetation cover change was caused by both climate change and human activity in Xinjiang. The influence of temperature on NDVI change results in controlling the metrical of annual vegetation growth and prolonging the spring growth period of vegetation. The wavy decrease in annual precipitation is the dominant factor for the two periods of NDVI change. The improvement of agricultural production level is a very important reason to increase the NDVI in the agriculture irrigation areas, and the ecological effect of large scale ecological construction project has presented.

关 键 词：归一化植被指数 植被覆盖 气候变化 人类活动 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q948[生物学—植物学]