洛阳市区包气带中污染物自净规律初步研究  

Primary Research on the self-purification of Contamination in unsaturated zone

作　　者：刘鲜民[1] 王现国[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南省地矿局第一地质调查队,河南洛阳471023 [2]河南省地矿局第二水文地质工程地质队,河南郑州450053

出　　处：《地下水》2009年第5期79-82,共4页Ground water

摘　　要：包气带是地下水补给和地下水污染的主要通道,因此包气带的性质直接控制了地下水的污染化速度和程度。以洛阳市区洛河河床岩性(以砂砾石为主)以及由亚粘土、亚砂土、中细砂等介质构成的包气带为研究对象,来分析河床和包气带对污染物的自净能力,并对其天然的自净机制进行了简要的分析,结论如下:洛河河床岩性对各种污染物(NO3-除外)的净化能力均达到90%以上;亚粘土、亚砂土、中细砂等包气带介质层对重金属(Cu2+、Pb2+等)有很强的净化能力,而对Cl、Cr6+净化能力则较弱,在短时间内介质中就达到饱和而失去净化能力;在环境条件相近及水文地质条件基本相同的条件下,包气带厚度与地下水的污染程度呈负相关关系;污水经过包气带发生较强的过滤、吸附、离子交换、生物化学降解等作用,能有效地去除污水中的有害物质,防止地下水污染。The unsaturated-zone is main channels for recharge and contamination of groundwater, therefore the character of unsaturated-zone will control the velocity and degree of groundwater contamination directly. The paper takes the lithology of riverbed of LuoHe, that is main made of grit, and unsaturated-zone, that is made of sub-clay, sub-sand soil, medium and thin sand, in Luo-Yang city as the research object to analyze the serf-purification capacity of riverbed and unsaturated-zone, and make simple analysis on natural serf-purification mechanism, the results as follows： the purification capacity on many contamination of river lithology can exceed 90%, besides NO3-. sub-clay, subsand soil, medium and thin sand, can have the strong capacity to purify the some high metal such as Cu2 ＋,Pb2 =, but have infirm capacity to purify Cl and Cr6 ＋, because the capacity disappears in the short time for saturation. The contamination degree and thickness of unsaturated-zone exists obvious negative correlativity when the environment and hydro-geology condition is close or same. The contamination will happen filtration, adsorption, ion-change , biology and chemistry degradation in unsaturated -zone, it can wipe off some contamination effectively and prevent the groundwater form being polluted.

关 键 词：包气带 自净能力 自净机制 地下水污染 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]