玉米抗旱节水产量性状相关及通径分析  

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Maize Ear Traits of Drought and Water Saving

作　　者：李国强[1,2] 周吉[1,3] 徐萍[1] 黄占景[2] 张正斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄050021 [2]河北师范大学,河北石家庄050016 [3]甘肃农业大学,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《华北农学报》2009年第B08期131-136,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"现代节水农业技术与产品专题项目(2006AA100201);国家科技支撑计划重点课题(2006BAD29B02);中国科学院知识创新重要方向性项目(KSCX2-YW-N-05);中国科学院重大项目(KSCX1-YW-09-07);中国工程院院部咨询项目(黄淮海地区节水农业对策及发展半旱地区农业研究)

摘　　要：在华北地区选育种植抗旱节水高产玉米品种,对我国粮食资源和水资源安全有重要意义。本研究选用在华北平原地区大面积推广的10个玉米杂交种进行抗旱节水高产试验,在灌溉出苗一水条件下,结果表明,浚单20的产量最高,达8697.337 kg/hm2,接近水地高产水平,水分利用效率为1.617 kg/mm,有5个品种鲁玉13、邢抗2、郑单958、冀玉9、蠡玉18超过7000 kg/hm2,水分利用效率在1.3 kg/mm以上;说明这些品种有较好的抗旱节水高产能力,在有限灌溉条件下,华北地区玉米可实现节水和高产双赢。通过11个农艺性状与小区产量的相关和通径分析,结果表明,在有限水分条件下,穗重对产量正效应最大,负作用最大的是轴重。在选育抗旱节水高产玉米新品种的过程中,应选择穗重、百粒重大,行数多,行粒数多,出籽率高,粒长较长;轴重小,穗干尖长度少,轴周长较细的品种。这些研究结果为玉米抗旱节水高产品种选育和栽培提供了大量有用信息。It is important to breed and cultivate drought-resistance and water-saving as well high-yielding varieties of corn in North China for China＇s food and water security. This paper selected 10 corn hybrids which widely cultivated in North China Plain. It was showed that under one time no-full irrigation after seeding condition, the yield of Jun dan 20 reached up to 8 697.337 kg/ha, close to the yield level of full irrigated condition. Its water use efficiency （WUE） was 1.617 kg/mm. The yield of five varieties such as Lu yul3,Xing kang 2,Zheng dan 958,Ji yu 9 and Li yu 18 reached more than 7 000 kg/ha, the WUE of these five varieties was more than 1.3 kg/mm. These results show that under limited irrigation conditions, these corn varieties had good drought resistance and water-saving ability as well high yield in North China Plain. From the correlation and the path analysis between ear traits and plot yield, it was found that under the limit- ed irrigation spike weight took the most positive role in the yield, the cob weight take the most negative role in the yield. So it was suggested that in breeding new varieties of drought-resistance and water-saving as well high-yield process, we should select some varieties with the heavier spike weight and hundred-grain-weigh （ HGW）, more rows and kernel per row, higher rate of seed, longer spike length, lower cob weight, shorter cob length and length of bald tip. These results pro- vided more useful information for the drought resistance and water-saving as well high-yielding maize breeding and cultivation.

关 键 词：抗旱节水 相关和通径分析 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]