近20年冬小麦供水量与产量关系变化分析  

Trend in Relationship between Water Supply Amount and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat from 1987 to 2007

作　　者：贾秀领[1] 马瑞昆[1] 张全国[1] 姚艳荣[1] 张丽华[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,河北石家庄050031

出　　处：《华北农学报》2009年第B08期214-217,共4页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：河北省财政专项(高层次人才科技创新工程;2008055002;2007055001);国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD69B04;2007BAD69B01);石家庄市科技支撑计划(07149042A)

摘　　要：在20多年的小麦节水高产理论和栽培技术的研究过程中,通过对1986-1987、1988-1989、1995-1996和2006-2007共4个代表性年度的冬小麦供水量与产量的关系研究,分析了近20年来河北省冬小麦产量对供水量的反应变化趋势。结果表明,小麦产量与供水量呈抛物线关系,随年代推进,小麦达到最高产量的供水量逐渐减少,产量逐渐提高。达到最高产量的供水量从1986-1987年的475 mm减少到2006-2007年的280 mm,平均每年减少10 mm。最高产量从1986-1987年的5358.5 kg/hm2,提高到2006-2007年的9240.9 kg/hm2,平均每年增加194.1 kg/hm2。小麦灌浆期较高的土壤水分有利于20世纪80年代小麦籽粒灌浆,但不利于目前小麦籽粒灌浆,造成粒重降低,产量下降。在这一演变过程中,配套节水栽培技术应用、新育成品种节水性的探明和应用以及地力基础的提高发挥了重要作用。Based on research throughout the recent 20 years on cultivating techniques and physiological basis in win- ter wheat with objective of water saving and high yielding, trend in relationship between water supply amount and grain yield of winter wheat from 1987 to 2007 was characterized by analyzing experimental data of four typical years of 1987, 1989,1996 and 2007. The results showed that the relations of water supply amount versus grain yield could be well fitted by parabolic curves. Current wheat crop required much less amount of water for achieving its growing maximum yield than that of 1980＇s. The water amount required for achieving its maximum yield decreased from 475 mm in 1987 to 280 mm in 2007 ,with a mean yearly drop of 10 mm. Meanwhile, the maximum yield level grew from 5 358.5 kg/ha to 9 240.9 kg/ha, with an average yearly increase of 194.1 kg/ha. High level of soil moisture during grain filling stage was beneficial to wheat production of 1980＇s, which, however,led to reduced grain weight and grain yield for present wheat crop. These changes mainly attributed to utilization of integrated water-saving management techniques, improvement in water-saving and high yielding traits of new euhivars and enhaneement in soil fertility.

关 键 词：冬小麦 供水量 产量 

分 类 号：Q946.5[生物学—植物学]