我国水稻品种改良过程库源特征的变化  

Changes of sink source characteristics during the cultivar improvement in rice in China

作　　者：黄育民[1,2] 陈启锋[1,2] 李义珍[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院稻麦研究所 [2]福建农业大学作物科学学院

出　　处：《福建农业大学学报》1998年第3期271-278,共8页Journal of Fujian Agricultural University

摘　　要：观察了不同时期水稻主栽品种库源结构的演变，主要结果如下：（１）４０多年来，福建省水稻品种经历了高秆品种、矮秆品种、杂交稻的演变，使稻谷产量提高５５％；（２）随着品种的改良，水稻库容量增加６３％．其中，２０％依靠穗数的增加，８０％依靠每穗粒数的增加，而粒重和结实率变化不大；（３）随着品种的改良，反映源强的干物质积累总量（Ｗ）增加４０％．Ｗ的增加主要依靠叶面积指数（ＬＡＩ）的扩大和生长日数（Ｄ）的延长，净同化率（ＮＡＲ）却有所下降．但由于冠层叶片由披散型改变为直立型，阳光可透入群体深层，减少了ＮＡＲ随ＬＡＩ增大而降低的速率，显著增加了非结构性碳水化合物在营养器官的贮藏量和抽穗后干物质生产量，从而提高经济系数，确保在更高产量水平上的库源协调．Main rice cultivars at different historical stages were observed to study the evolution of sink source structure. The results were as follows:(1) In past forty years, the rice cultivars in Fujian had experienced the evolution from long stalk to dwarf and then to hybrid rice, which caused the increase yield by 55%.(2) As the cultivar improvement, the sink storage capacity had increased by 63%, of which about 20% was from the increase in spike number and 80% was from the increase in kernel number per spike. The setting percentage and 1 000 grain weight kept stable. (3) The cultivar improvement in rice raised the photosynthetic product accumulation ( W ) by 40%. The increase in dry matter accumulation was mainly from the extension of leaf area index (LAI) and prolongation of growth duration, but the net assimilation rate (NAR) had decreased. Since the erect leaves of top leaf layer of improved cultivars let much solar radiation transmit into lower layer of rice colony, the NAR didn ′t decrease so much with the increase of LAI. Meanwhile, the accumulation of non structural carbohydrate in vegetative organs and accumulation of dry matter after heading of improved cultivars increased significantly. Therefore, the economic coefficient appeared higher and the sink source structure could keep balance at high yield level.

关 键 词：水稻 品种改良 库源结构 产量库容 光合结构 

分 类 号：S511.02[农业科学—作物学]