樟树种子的脱水耐性和贮藏特性研究  

Studies on Dessication Tolerance and Storage Characteristics of Cinnamomum camphora (Linn.) Presl Seed

作　　者：田春娥[1] 姜孝成[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学生命科学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《种子》2009年第9期19-23,共5页Seed

基　　金：国家科技基础条件平台建设子项目(2005DKA21006)资助

摘　　要：樟树种子的生育期约210d。在发育过程中,樟树种子的生物学性状(果皮颜色、种子鲜重和干重、含水量等)发生了显著变化:果实体积在150DAA(DAA表示花后天数,下同)时达最大值,直径约为0.98cm,但种子仍在继续生长,直到210DAA左右达到生理成熟,此时果实黑而发亮。成熟种子每1000粒的鲜、干重分别为186.42g和138.90g,含水量约为0.33g/g(DW)。新鲜种子萌发率很低,只有2.4%左右;种皮有抑制种子萌发的作用,去种皮后,种子萌发率可达到21.0%。干燥脱水处理时,无论硅胶脱水(快干)或室内自然风干(慢干),都使种子电导率呈上升趋势;但脱水程度使种子萌发率呈现不同的变化:最初的轻度脱水都使种子的萌发率上升,分别达到90.0%和67.0%;随着脱水程度加大,种子萌发率呈下降趋势,但在种子脱水至趋于稳定的含水量之前,种子萌发率仍高于未脱水前的水平。结果表明:樟树种子具一定的脱水耐性,但较大程度的脱水会对种子造成伤害,而且慢干比快干对种子的伤害更大。0℃以上低温湿藏是解除樟树种子休眠的有效途径;温度较高时,种子达到最高萌发率的时间较短,但此后种子活力下降的速度也较快;0℃以下低温贮藏时,种子迅速死亡。The growth period of Cinnamomum camphora （L.） Presl seeds was about 210 d. During development, the biological properties of seeds including the color of fruit,fresh weight （FW） and dry weight （DW）, moisture content etc all remarkable changed ： the size of fruit comes to the maximum with the diameter of 0.98 cm as seeds developed to 150 DAA （Days after anthesis） ,but the seeds continues growing up to 210 DAA and reached physiological maturation, at that time ,the fruit became black and shining, fresh weight （FW） and dry weight （DW） per 1 000 seeds were about 186.42 g and 138.90 g respectively,and seed moisture content was approximately 0. 33 g/g（DW）. The germination percentage of fresh seeds was very low,only about 2.4% ,the hard exo-testa represses seed germinating strongly for husked seeds attained a germination percentage of 21.0%. Under desiccation,either by silica gel drying （rapid drying, RD） or by natural wind drying at room temperature （ slow drying , SD）, electrolytic conductivity of seed soaked solution presented a tendency of gradu- ally ascending. However, the extent of dehydration threw different effects on seed germination, responding to the initial slight desiccation （ down to about 0.25 g/g （DW） ）, seeds reached a higher germination percentage of 90.0% and 67.0% with the treatment of RD and SD respectively. However, in pace with the descending moisture content, the seed germination percentage declined gradually, though still higher than that of those prior to desiccation treatment, until seed moisture content dropped towards a steady status. The results indicated that C. camphora （Linn.） Presl seeds possesses desiccation tolerance to a certain degree, seeds which were desiccated to moisture content less than 0.25 g/g（DW） became injured by desiccation and the seeds withstanding SD suffered more serious damage comparing to those desiccated by RD to the same moisture content. Sand stratification at low temperature above 0℃ could release dormancy

关 键 词：樟树种子 低温湿藏 活力 萌发率 脱水耐性 

分 类 号：Q945.66[生物学—植物学]