不同土壤水分条件下施磷对小麦光合性能和产量影响比较  

Comparison of effects of different soil water conditions and phosphorus application on photosynthesis and yield of wheat

作　　者：曾广伟[1] 兰进好[1] 刘义国[1] 李玲燕[1] 林琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2009年第5期41-46,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程基金(2006BAD02A09-JS03);国家自然科学基金(30871484);山东省农业良种工程基金(鲁科农社字2008-167号)

摘　　要：本试验于2007—2008年在青岛农业大学莱阳实验站防雨旱池中进行，目的是研究土壤水分胁迫和水分适宜条件下不同施磷量对小麦光合性能及产量的影响。结果表明，水磷两因素对小麦的光合性能和产量都有重要影响。小麦的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量随土壤含水量占土壤田间持水量的比例和施磷量的增加而增加，适宜的水分还可以延长灌浆高值持续期，提高气孔导度和光合速率，进而提高产量。在不同施磷处理下，随着施磷量的增加，气孔导度和光合速率都有所增加，在施磷75～150kg／hm^2范围内，穗教、千粒重以及产量随着施磷量的增加而增加，高于150kg／hm^2时，反而下降。本试验条件下，虽然土壤田间持水量75％与施磷量150kg／hm^2的处理组合达到了最高产量，但与土壤田间持水量55％、施磷量150kg／hm^2的处理组合的产量差异不显著，故后者是最佳水肥处理组合，达到了节水省肥的栽培目的。The research was carried out at Laiyang experiment station of Qingdao Agricultural University from 2007 to 2008 under rain-sheltered proof culture conditions. Effects of water stress, proper water and different phosphorus application on photosynthesis and yield of wheat was studied. The results showed that the two factors of water and phosphorus had an important impact on photosynthesis function and yield of wheat. Leaf area index and chlorophyll increased with the increase of the proportion of soil water content in field water capacity and phosphorus quantity. Proper soil water content ccould extend the high value duration of grain filling and improve stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and yield. Stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate increased with the increase of phosphorus quantity under treatments of different application of phosphorus. Spike number, 1000 - grain weight and yield increased with the increase of phosphorus within the limit of phosphorus application between 75 and 150 kg/hm^2, but declined when it was higher than 150 kg/hm^2. Though the treatment of 75 % field water capacity and 150 kg/hm^2 phosphorus application achieved the highest yield, it had no siganificant difference with the treatment of 55 % field water capacity and 150 kg/hm^2 phosphorus application. Therefore, the latter treatment was the best combination of water and fertilizer, which achieved the cultivation purpose of saving water and fertilizer.

关 键 词：水分 磷肥 小麦 光合性能 产量 

分 类 号：S147.21[农业科学—肥料学]