豫西旱坡地长期定位保护性耕作研究——Ⅰ.连年免耕和深松覆盖对冬小麦生育及产量的影响  

Study on long-term site-specific conservation tillage on sloping dryland in the western part of Henan——Ⅰ. Effects of No-till and subsoiling with mulching on growth characteristics and yield of winter wheat

作　　者：王育红 蔡典雄[2] 姚宇卿 王小彬[2] 吕军杰 李俊红 丁志强 张洁 

机构地区：[1]洛阳市农业科学研究院,河南洛阳471022 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100082

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2009年第5期47-51,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中国-比利时国际科技合作项目(13V33948);国际CIMMYT"水和粮食挑战计划"项目(2002AA6Z3311)

摘　　要：利用长期定位试验方法（1999-2006年），在豫西旱区坡耕地上进行了不同保护耕作冬小麦生育及产量效应研究。结果表明：深松覆盖和免耕覆盖随着实施年限增加，均有增产效果。深松覆盖稳产、增产效果好于免耕覆盖。与传统耕作比，深松覆盖增产幅度为4．88％～20．90％，平均增产8．77％。免耕覆盖在实施初表现出显著减产，但免耕覆盖在生育期内干旱及夏休闲干旱年份能显著提高小麦产量，平均增产3．70％。免耕覆盖和深松覆盖下冬小麦前期生长发育迟缓，株高降低、主茎叶龄、单株分蘖、次生根数和叶面积减少，根重和生物量减轻；拔节后，冬小麦生长发育快，各项指标（除单株分蘖）逐渐赶上并超过传统耕作。从灌浆特性分析，免耕覆盖和深松覆盖能提高最大灌浆速率，延缓后期灌浆速率下降，延长灌浆时间，进而提高小麦的千粒重。Based on long-term site-specific trials from 1999 to 2006, this paper studied the effects of subsoiling （ST） with mulching and no-till with mulching（NT） on yield and growth characteristics of winter wheat. The results were as following： compared with conventional tillage（CK）, ST and NT could increase the yield of winter wheat with their application going on, and ST was better than NT. Compared with CK, ST increased yield by 4.88% - 20.90%, averaging 8.77 % for 7 years. NT decreased yield in early application, but it could boost significantly yield in dry years, with an average increasing rate of 3.70 % over CK. Under ST and NT treatments, winter wheat grew more slowly, which behaved as falling of plant height, decreasing of leaves of the main stem, tillers per plant, second roots, weight and leaf area index in early growth period. After jointing, winter wheat developed faster under the two kinds of conservational tillage. Except tillers per plant, the others were beyond that of CK. The maximum filling rate was enhanced under the conservational tillage, delaying last filling slowing and prolonging tilling time, so that 1000-grain weight was improved.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 长期定位试验 旱区坡耕地 产量 

分 类 号：S343.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]