半干旱区夏闲期不同耕作方式对土壤水分及小麦水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of different tillage practices in summer fallow period on soil water and crop water use efficiency in semi-arid areas

作　　者：侯贤清[1,2] 韩清芳[1,2] 贾志宽[1,2] 李永平[3] 杨宝平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学干旱半干旱研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部旱地作物生产与生态重点开放实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]宁夏固原市农业科学研究所,宁夏固原756100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2009年第5期52-58,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑课题"农田集雨保水关键技术研究"(2006BAD29B03);"节水共性技术研究"课题(2007BAD88B10)

摘　　要：在宁南旱平地进行了夏闲期深松、免耕及传统翻耕（对照）对土壤水分及后作冬小麦水分利用效率影响的研究。结果表明，夏闲期深松和传统翻耕能有效地蓄雨保墒，提高旱平地冬小麦播前的土壤贮水量，深松和翻耕土壤蓄墒率极显著高于免耕处理，深松处理较翻耕高0．79％；夏闲期末深松处理0～200cm土壤贮水量（310．78mm）分别较免耕、传统翻耕高8．23mm、1．61mm。深松和免耕较传统翻耕显著改善了冬小麦苗期的土壤水分状况，对越冬期0～60cm耕层土壤水分状况的改善有利于冬小麦的越冬。苗期0～200cm土壤贮水量深松、免耕分别较传统翻耕（351．05mm）高35．9mm、28．8mm，不同的耕作处理对后作冬小麦苗期的土壤水分影响差异主要在80cm以上土层。冬小麦返青期降雨主要使0-80cm土层土壤贮水量有所增加，处理间的差异减小。夏闲期深松处理能有效地增加对降雨的蓄保能力，提高旱地冬小麦播前及整个生长阶段0～200cm的土壤贮水量。不同耕作方式的冬小麦产量以夏闲期翻耕处理最高（3475．9kg／hm^2），与深松处理（3322．0kg/hm^2）无显著差异，免耕显著低于其它2种耕作处理；水分利用效率以翻耕最高[14．12kg／（hm^2·mm）]，深松次之[13．62kg／（hm^2·mm）]，免耕处理显著低于前二者[10．64kg／（hm^2·mm）]。Study on the subsoiling tillage（ST）, no-tillage（NT） and conventional tillage（CT） on soil water and water use efficiency of aftercrop winter wheat in the flat field during the summer fallow period was conducted in southem Ningxia semi-arid area. The result showed that the subsoiling and conventional tillage could save soil water effectively to rainfall during summer fallow period, so as to enhance soil water storage before sowing. Compared with no-tillage, the infiltration rate of subsoiling and conventional tillage to mainten soil water was extremely significant, and the subsoiling was higher than conventional tillage by 0.97 %. During summer terminal stage, the soil water storage of the subsoiling （310.78 mm）in 0 - 200 cm soil layer was higher than both conventional tillage and no-tillage, which is 8.23 mm and 1.61 mm respectively. Compared with conventional tillage, the soil water could be improved by subsoiling and no-tillage during seedlings period of winter wheat. Subsoiling and no-tillage also advantage to winter wheat during wintering period in the depth of 0 - 60 cm. During seedling stage, the soil water in 0 - 200 cm soil layer could be increased by subsoiling （35.9 mm） and no-tillage（28.8 mm）, which was higher than conventional tillage control. During aftercrop winter wheat seedlings, the major influence of different tillage treatments to soil water was in the depth of 0 - 80 cm. During winter wheat regreening stage, the soil water storage had been increased by rainfall in 0 - 80 cm soil layer. The difference among the three treatments was decreased. During summer fallow period, the subsoiling enhanced effectively, the capacity of both saving soil water and winter wheat soil water storage of dry land in the depth of 0 - 200 cm before sowing and during the peorid of the main growth stage. Among different tillage treatments, the highest yield of winter wheat was the treatment of conventional tillage in summer fallow period which reached 3 475.9 kg/hm^2 and there was no obvious diff

关 键 词：半干旱区 耕作方式 土壤水分 水分利用效率 冬小麦 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]