不同密度水平对覆膜棉花田间小气候及产量的影响  

The effect of different density on microclimate and yield in cotton field under film mulching

作　　者：娄善伟[1] 赵强[1] 高云光[1] 郭仁松[1] 阿不力克木[1] 张巨松[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学,教育部棉花工程研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2009年第5期88-92,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑项目(2006BADB02-1);新疆自治区科技攻关重大专项项目(200731133-1)

摘　　要：为了解棉花群体结构对棉田小环境的影响状况,确定不同密度对产量影响的内在因素,进行了不同棉花密度田间小气候测定试验。研究表明:密度不同棉花的植株形态会发生很大变化,因此大田的光、温、热等气候因子也会跟着改变。随着密度的增加不同层次的透光率均有减小趋势,盛花后最小的透光率仅为10%左右。土壤水分方面,密度过小地表散失严重,密度过大叶片蒸腾过多耗水量大,而18万株/hm2密度更能充分利用水分。不同层次的温湿度上,密度过小叶片蒸腾水分易散失,密度过大散失虽慢但蒸腾多,所以也是中等密度18.0和22.5万株/hm2处理好,不过各处理温度变化较小。产量上,随密度增加,产量先增大后减小,18.0万株/hm2处理最高,平均产量为3247.4 kg/hm2。A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different density on the microclimate and yield components of cotton plants. The study results indicate that different density of cotton plants can affect the structure and lead to great changes; therefore the field＇s light, temperature and other climatic factors will change. The light transmittance has a reducing tendency with the density increasing at different levels. After peak flowering period the smallest transmittance is only about 10 %. For soil moisture, too small density leads to serious surface dissipation while oversized density causes excessive leaf transpiration and great water consumption. Therefore the density of 180 000plant/hm^2 can use the moisture content fully. In different humidity level, small density causes leaf transpiration which makes moisture dissipation, while oversized density leads to slow dissipation but quick transpiration. Therefore, the medium density of 180 000 plant/hm^2 and 225 000 plant/hm^2 has better results, and there is little temperature difference in each treatment. For yield, along with the density increasing, the yield increases first and then decreases, and the treatment of 180 000 plant/hm^2 has the highest yield, averaging 3 247.4 kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：小气候 密度 产量 棉花 

分 类 号：S162.4[农业科学—农业气象学]