黄土坡地径流收集膜下自流出滴灌溉系统设计及其生态效益研究  

A study on the design of runoff-collecting system for auto-flowing drip irrigation under film and its ecological benefit in slope land of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：张海[1] 易永华[2] 杨荣惠[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2009年第5期118-122,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：林业部科技示范项目"毛乌素沙地南缘植被恢复技术示范"(2008-23);陕西省科技攻关项目"黄土高原经济林抗旱抚育与林草和谐共生技术研究"(2008K-07)

摘　　要：黄土坡地径流收集及膜下自流出滴灌溉技术可有效地收集丰雨期地表径流，就地储存，旱季利用自然高差灌入集水袋，经自流管进行膜下自流灌溉，可有效地提高该区降水利用率，有效地解决黄土高原地形破碎、渠系难以浇灌的难题。造林试验表明，该技术可明显地提高20-70cm土层含水量，可使刺槐、油松、枣树造林成活率分达到97．7％、91．4％、90．5％，比对照分别提高了57．0％、77．8％和69．4％；结合幼树根基覆膜技术，在栽植第2年即可使刺槐、油松、枣树之主径分别比对照提高26．9％、55．2％和49．6％，树冠投影面积分别比对照提高90．9％、74．2％和51．8％。同时可明显地降低坡地土壤侵蚀模数，在降雨387mm的情况下，处理区径流发生量及土壤侵蚀模数分别较对照下降38．3％和102．7％。具有良好的生态效益和社会效益，在立地条件差、地形破碎的黄土丘陵沟壑区是一项投资少、效益高、简单易行的抗旱新技术，在我国西北同类型干旱地区有着较好的推广前景。A study on the design of nmoff-collecting system was carried out for auto-flowing drip irrigation under film as well as its ecological benefit in slope land of the Loess Plateau. Utilizing this system invented by the author, the rainfall could be collected in rainy days. On the other hand, in dry season, natural height difference could induce rainfall to drip into collecting bag for auto-flowing drip irrigation under film by dripping tube. These measures raised effectively rainfall use efficiency, solved the difficulty in irrigation due to cracked landform and scattered trench on slope land area. The results of several-year trials on drought-resistant forestation and water-saving trim on crops showed that watercollecting drip irrigation system could enhance obviously the soil moisture in 20 - 70 cm soil layer as well as the survival rate of Acacia, Chinesepine and Jujube to 57.0%, 77.8% and 69.4%, which were 97.7%, 91.4% and 90.5% respectively higher than those in hole irrigation. This technique integrating film mulching under young trees could increase the eaulis diameter of Acacia, Chinesepine and Jujube by 26.9%, 55.2%and 49.6% as well as crown cast area by 90.9%, 74.2% and 51.8% in the second year after planting. In the same time, runoff and erosion modulus of soil in treatment plot were decreased by 38.3 % and 102.7 % respectively compared with the control under 387mm rainfall. Based on these better benefits for ecology and society, it is a better technique with less input, high benefit and simple operation, which could be used widely on crash mountain area and poor place in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：坡地径流收集 膜下自流灌溉 生态效益 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] X171.4[农业科学—农业工程]