黄土丘陵区免耕条件下两种土壤酶活性变化  

Response of two kinds of soil enzyme to different crops and fertilization modes in loess hilly and gully region

作　　者：黄茂林[1] 梁银丽[1,2] 陈晨[1] 孙存喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资环学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2009年第5期144-148,160,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新项目(KZCX2-XB2-05-01);国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD09B07);中国科学院安塞站和中国科学院水土保持研究所领域前沿资助项目(SW04302)

摘　　要：为了确定合理环保的耕作制度，2007—2008安塞田间定位试验黄土丘陵旱作农区大豆（Glycine，max）、玉米（Zea mays L）、红小豆（Semen Phaseoli）、马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum Linn．）在翻耕化肥（CF）、翻耕有机肥（CM）、翻耕无肥（CN）、免耕化肥（NF）、免耕有机肥（NM）、免耕无肥（NN）等水平下的农田土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性。结果表明：在作物花期，大豆、玉米土壤脲酶活性较高，蔗糖酶活性较低，而红小豆、马铃薯则与之相反，差异极显著。到作物收获后，玉米土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性增高，增幅在83％以上，而马铃薯、红小豆、大豆三种作物土壤脲酶活性降低，降幅在10％以上，蔗糖酶活性增强，增幅在40％以上。从花期到收获后，免耕降低了土壤脲酶活性，提高了土壤蔗糖酶活性，在黄土丘陵沟壑旱作农区两种土壤酶活性表现较优的作物为大豆、玉米，较优的处理为NM玉米、NF大豆．其田间环保效应为：作物生长期间两种酶活性比较高，收获后两种酶活性则降低，有利于提高作物生长期土壤肥效利用率，减少作物收获后温室气体的排放。In order to determine a reasonable tillage system, a two-year experiment was conducted in Ansai, northern Shaanxi to test soil unease activity and sucrase activity of the fields of Glycine max L, Zea mays L, Semen Phaseoli and Solanum tuberosum Linn in the treatments of the tillage fertilizer （CF）, tilling organic manure （CM）, tillage no fertilizer （CN） ; no-till fertilizer （NF）, no-till organic manure （NM）, no-tillage no fertilizer （NN） in loess hilly and gully region. The results showed that ： in the flowering stage soil unease activity of soybean and maize fields increased, but sucrase activity decreased, while those of adzuki bean and potato were opposite. After harvest time, soil unease activity and sucrase activity of maize field increased by 83 %, while soil unease activity of potato, adzuki bean and soybean fields decreased, and the decreasing range was above 10% and sucrase activity increased by over 40%. From flowering stage to harvest time, no tillage reduced soil unease activity but increased sucrase activity. The effect of environmental protection was that the two kinds of soil enzyme showed high activity in the growth period but low activity after harvest, which can improve fertilizer efficiency in crop growth period and reduce the emission of greenhouse gas after harvest.

关 键 词：水土保持耕作 环保 土壤酶 黄土丘陵沟壑区 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学] S157[农业科学—农业基础科学]