氯乙酰胺类除草剂的环境行为和生态效应研究  

Environmental Behavior and Ecological Effect of Chloroacetamide Herbicides in Terrestrial Ecosystem

作　　者：徐会娟[1,2] 何红波[1] 武叶叶[1] 刘宁[1,2] 张旭东[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《土壤通报》2009年第5期1226-1232,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)计划2005CB121104;国家科技支撑计划2007BAD89B02

摘　　要：氯乙酰胺类除草剂是酰胺类除草剂中别具特色的一类,选择性强,除草活性高,药剂在植物体内易降解,且对哺乳动物低毒,故使用非常广泛。介绍了几种重要的氯乙酰胺类除草剂在陆地生态系统中的物理化学过程及生态学效应,重点综述氯乙酰胺类除草剂对各种生物的影响及其微生物降解和植物代谢作用,并对今后氯乙酰胺类除草剂的研究方向做了展望。Chloroacetamide herbicides are a special category of amide herbicides which are extremely widely used due to their strong selectivity, high herbicidal activity, degradation easily in plants and low toxicity to mammals. Some physical and chemical processes in terrestrial ecosystems as well as ecological effect of several important chloroacetamide herbicides were introduced in this review. The effect of chloroacetamide herbicides application on living organisms was mainly focused on, and the microbial degradation and botanic metabolism were also concerned. Furthermore, the tendency of chloroacetamide herbicides in future is prospected.

关 键 词：氯乙酰胺类除草剂 环境行为 微生物降解 生态学效应 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]